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Questions and Answers
The plunger creates a solid interface between the lifted gas below and produced ______ above.
The plunger creates a solid interface between the lifted gas below and produced ______ above.
fluid
Once the plunger and liquid reaches the well head, it is 'caught' and held at the ______ until the next reduction in rate/pressure.
Once the plunger and liquid reaches the well head, it is 'caught' and held at the ______ until the next reduction in rate/pressure.
surface
Plunger lift is a cost-effective method of artificial lift that can efficiently produce both gas wells with fluid loads and high ______ oil wells.
Plunger lift is a cost-effective method of artificial lift that can efficiently produce both gas wells with fluid loads and high ______ oil wells.
GOR
Future lift requirements will be based on the overall reservoir exploitation ______.
Future lift requirements will be based on the overall reservoir exploitation ______.
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The anticipated production rate is a controlling factor in selecting a lift ______.
The anticipated production rate is a controlling factor in selecting a lift ______.
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High water cuts require a lift method that can move large volumes of ______.
High water cuts require a lift method that can move large volumes of ______.
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Viscosities less than 10 cp are generally not a factor in selecting a lift ______.
Viscosities less than 10 cp are generally not a factor in selecting a lift ______.
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The ratio of reservoir volume to surface volume determines how much total fluid must be lifted to achieve the desired surface ______.
The ratio of reservoir volume to surface volume determines how much total fluid must be lifted to achieve the desired surface ______.
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The maximum operating depth for Positive Displacement Pumps is typically up to ______ ft.
The maximum operating depth for Positive Displacement Pumps is typically up to ______ ft.
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Dynamic Displacement Pumps can achieve a typical operating depth of ______ to 10000 ft.
Dynamic Displacement Pumps can achieve a typical operating depth of ______ to 10000 ft.
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The typical operating volume for Plunger Lift is between ______ to 4000 BFPD.
The typical operating volume for Plunger Lift is between ______ to 4000 BFPD.
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For Hydraulic Piston systems, the maximum operating depth is up to ______ ft.
For Hydraulic Piston systems, the maximum operating depth is up to ______ ft.
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The typical operating depth for a Rod Pump can range from ______ to 11000 ft.
The typical operating depth for a Rod Pump can range from ______ to 11000 ft.
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The Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) defines a well's flowing production potential using the equation: q = PI ∙ (p̅R - ______)
The Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) defines a well's flowing production potential using the equation: q = PI ∙ (p̅R - ______)
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In the context of artificial lift, a lower ______ corresponds to a higher production rate.
In the context of artificial lift, a lower ______ corresponds to a higher production rate.
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The maximum or absolute open flow (AOF) potential occurs when the flowing sandface pressure, pwf, is ______.
The maximum or absolute open flow (AOF) potential occurs when the flowing sandface pressure, pwf, is ______.
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The ______ index is a measure of the productivity of a well, represented in B/D/psi.
The ______ index is a measure of the productivity of a well, represented in B/D/psi.
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Artificial lift methods can significantly improve production in reservoirs with gas ______.
Artificial lift methods can significantly improve production in reservoirs with gas ______.
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Figure 2 illustrates the potential improvement in production by introducing ______ lift.
Figure 2 illustrates the potential improvement in production by introducing ______ lift.
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In the equation for inflow performance, q represents the ______ rate in B/D.
In the equation for inflow performance, q represents the ______ rate in B/D.
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The average reservoir pressure is denoted as ______ in the IPR equation.
The average reservoir pressure is denoted as ______ in the IPR equation.
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One of the critical bases of comparison is initial capital ______
One of the critical bases of comparison is initial capital ______
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A dynamic displacement pump works by causing fluid to move from inlet to outlet under its own ______.
A dynamic displacement pump works by causing fluid to move from inlet to outlet under its own ______.
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Gas lift may not be a good option for a ______ system
Gas lift may not be a good option for a ______ system
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Hydraulic pumping is less costly when multiple wells are operated from a central ______ facility
Hydraulic pumping is less costly when multiple wells are operated from a central ______ facility
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A beam pumping unit is operated by an electric motor or a ______.
A beam pumping unit is operated by an electric motor or a ______.
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High gas prices can reduce the ______ of gas lift
High gas prices can reduce the ______ of gas lift
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The volumetric efficiency of a rod pump is lower in wells with high ______-liquid ratios.
The volumetric efficiency of a rod pump is lower in wells with high ______-liquid ratios.
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Progressive cavity pumps are commonly used for dewatering coal bed methane gas ______.
Progressive cavity pumps are commonly used for dewatering coal bed methane gas ______.
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Submersible pumps may be less attractive compared to gas lift where ______ is not readily available
Submersible pumps may be less attractive compared to gas lift where ______ is not readily available
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A reciprocating rod pump system consists of a beam pumping unit, a string of sucker rods, and a subsurface ______.
A reciprocating rod pump system consists of a beam pumping unit, a string of sucker rods, and a subsurface ______.
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For typical onshore well applications, ______ pumping is the overwhelming choice
For typical onshore well applications, ______ pumping is the overwhelming choice
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ESPs are used as the proper lift approach for ______ volume wells
ESPs are used as the proper lift approach for ______ volume wells
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The rotor of a progressive cavity pump turns eccentrically inside an elastomer-lined ______.
The rotor of a progressive cavity pump turns eccentrically inside an elastomer-lined ______.
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In offshore applications, space is at a premium, making ______ the most widely used application
In offshore applications, space is at a premium, making ______ the most widely used application
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Reciprocating rod pump systems require more ______ than other lift methods.
Reciprocating rod pump systems require more ______ than other lift methods.
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Progressive cavity pumps are versatile, efficient, and excellent for handling fluids with high ______ content.
Progressive cavity pumps are versatile, efficient, and excellent for handling fluids with high ______ content.
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Beam pumping is most susceptible to gas locking in highly ______ wells.
Beam pumping is most susceptible to gas locking in highly ______ wells.
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Rod pumps can place additional back pressure on the reservoir due to the 'fluid ______' present.
Rod pumps can place additional back pressure on the reservoir due to the 'fluid ______' present.
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Gas lift equipment is typically installed with ______ tools.
Gas lift equipment is typically installed with ______ tools.
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Gas lift faces limitations when installed in the highly deviated or ______ part of the well.
Gas lift faces limitations when installed in the highly deviated or ______ part of the well.
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Gas lift only delivers less than ______ percent of the energy it consumes into lift.
Gas lift only delivers less than ______ percent of the energy it consumes into lift.
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Liquids and solids can collect in the low parts of an undulating lateral leg, leading to the formation of ______.
Liquids and solids can collect in the low parts of an undulating lateral leg, leading to the formation of ______.
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The gas injected in gas lift systems helps produce liquids and solids before they can ______.
The gas injected in gas lift systems helps produce liquids and solids before they can ______.
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Gravity forces that assist in lifting fluids do not help until the production approaches the ______ section.
Gravity forces that assist in lifting fluids do not help until the production approaches the ______ section.
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Study Notes
Artificial Lift Overview
- Artificial lift is a method to enhance well production when natural pressure is insufficient.
- Two main categories of artificial lift are gas lift and pump-assisted lift.
- A third hybrid approach, plunger lift, combines elements of both categories.
Gas Lift
- Gas lift injects high-pressure gas into the well annulus.
- This reduces the fluid column's density and bottom-hole pressure.
- Two main types: continuous and intermittent.
- Continuous—constant gas injection.
- Intermittent—intermittent gas injection in slugs.
Reciprocating Rod Pump Systems
- A reciprocating rod pump lifts the well fluids to the surface using a reciprocating motion.
- Surface equipment includes a beam pumping unit, operated by an electric motor or gas engine, a string of sucker rods to connect to a subsurface pump, a subsurface pump.
- Subsurface pump consists of a barrel, plunger, and valve assembly to move fluid to the surface.
- API system design procedure.
Progressive Cavity Pump Systems
- PCPs use a spiral rotor inside an elastomer-lined stator to move fluid.
- The rotor turns eccentrically to create cavities.
- Used for dewatering, production and injection.
- Commonly used for waterflood projects and producing heavy or high-gas/oil-ratio wells.
Hydraulic Pump Systems
- Hydraulic pumps inject a power fluid (usually oil or water) from the surface to operate a downhole pump.
- Two types: reciprocating pumps and jet pumps
- Reciprocating hydraulic pumps: inject hydraulic power fluid to operate a mechanical downhole fluid pump which drives a piston.
- Jet pumps: no moving parts, the power fluid is converted to high-velocity jets to mix with the wellbore fluid, to raise the pressure and physically push it to the surface.
- Used in deeper wells.
Electrical Submersible Pump Systems (ESPS)
- ESPs consist of a downhole centrifugal pump driven by a submersible electric motor.
- Can be used in high-angle and horizontal wells.
- Used for high-volume applications.
Plunger Lift
- Plunger lift uses the well's natural energy to lift fluids.
- Injected gas displaces the liquid and is used to produce both gas wells and wells with high GOR oil.
- Cost-effective in gas wells.
Selecting an Artificial Lift Method
- Well characteristics
- IPR - Inflow Performance Relationship
- Critical factors like: liquid production rate, water cut, gas-liquid ratio, and viscosity.
- Field operating considerations: long-term recovery plans, pressure management, and maintenance.
Initial Screening Criteria
- Table 1 and 2 give details of reservoir and operating considerations which are important in choosing an artificial lift method.
- Reservoir characteristics
- IPR
- Liquid production rate
- Water cut
- Gas-liquid ratio
- Viscosity
- Formation volume factor
- Reservoir drive mechanism
- Water cut
- Gas-liquid ratio
- Hole Considerations
- Well depth
- Completion type
- Casing and tubing sizes
- Wellbore deviation
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge of plunger lift systems used in oil production. Topics include the mechanics of plunger lifts, factors affecting lift selection, and operating depths of various pump types. Brush up on essential concepts to prepare for practical applications in the field.
