Plumbing Systems and Fixtures

Plumbing Fixtures

• Defined as devices that are connected to a plumbing system to perform a specific function (e.g. sinks, toilets, showers)
• Requirements for plumbing fixtures vary by jurisdiction, but generally include:
  • Water efficiency standards (e.g. low-flow toilets)
  • Accessibility standards (e.g. wheelchair-accessible sinks)
  • Material and construction standards (e.g. lead-free materials)

Backflow Prevention

• Backflow occurs when contaminated water flows back into the potable water supply
• Backflow prevention devices (BPDs) are required to prevent backflow
• Types of BPDs:
  • Air gaps
  • Reduced pressure zone (RPZ) assemblies
  • Double check valves
  • Pressure vacuum breakers
• BPDs must be installed, tested, and maintained in accordance with plumbing code requirements

Vent Systems

• Vent systems provide a means for sewer gases to escape from the drainage system
• Components of a vent system:
  • Vent stacks
  • Vent terminals
  • Relief vents
• Vent systems must be designed and installed to prevent siphonage and backpressure

Drainage Systems

• Drainage systems collect and convey wastewater from plumbing fixtures to the sewer or septic system
• Components of a drainage system:
  • Drainpipes
  • Fittings (e.g. elbows, tees)
  • Traps (e.g. P-traps, S-traps)
  • Cleanouts
• Drainage systems must be designed and installed to prevent clogging and corrosion

Water Supply Systems

• Water supply systems distribute potable water from the water source to plumbing fixtures
• Components of a water supply system:
  • Water service lines
  • Meters
  • Distribution pipes
  • Fittings (e.g. valves, couplings)
• Water supply systems must be designed and installed to prevent contamination and ensure adequate water pressure and flow rate

Test your knowledge of plumbing systems, including fixtures, backflow prevention, vent systems, drainage systems, and water supply systems. Learn about the components, requirements, and regulations for each system.