PLTW Principles of Biomedical Science Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the term for specialized clothing for protection against infectious materials?

PPE

What is the forensic science practice called that involves bloodstain analysis?

Blood spatter analysis

What term describes 2 fingerprints that showed similarities with at least minutiae?

12 point match

What field applies scientific knowledge to solve civil and criminal law?

Forensic science Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the human body system responsible for turning food into energy?

Digestive system Signup and view all the answers

The ___ indicated in the autopsy report of Whitney Houston high levels of cocaine were found in the blood: translate the following.

toxicologist Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of blood groups?

A, B, AB, O Signup and view all the answers

Patient has a diagnosis of strep throat and is prescribed amoxicillin ___ for one week.

by mouth, three times a day Signup and view all the answers

What is the human body system responsible for excreting waste in the form of urine?

Urinary system Signup and view all the answers

How many milliliters is 1 teaspoon equal to?

5 ml Signup and view all the answers

What two tests does a forensic chemist perform to help identify a substance?

Preseason and consistency Signup and view all the answers

Who performs an autopsy to determine the cause of death?

Coroner Signup and view all the answers

What protein is hair composed of?

Keratin Signup and view all the answers

The order reads to administer 1 ounce of Pepto Bismol by mouth: translate to ___ ml.

30 Signup and view all the answers

Identifying scars, clothing, tattoos, and jewelry would be part of what examination?

External autopsy exam Signup and view all the answers

What legal form must be completed when the autopsy is completed?

Death certificate Signup and view all the answers

DNA & RNA are found in the ___ of the cell.

nucleus Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes does a human cell contain?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What describes the appearance of the DNA structure?

Double helix Signup and view all the answers

What three components make up a nucleotide?

Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What four chemicals make up DNA: Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine, and __.

Adenine Signup and view all the answers

Who are the scientists that discovered DNA?

Crick and Watson Signup and view all the answers

What is a research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another called?

Experiment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group expected to have a positive result so that the experimental setup was capable of producing results?

Positive control Signup and view all the answers

What is a clear prediction of the anticipated result of an experiment called?

Hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine?

Biomedical science Signup and view all the answers

What year was DNA discovered?

1953 Signup and view all the answers

When does the initial stage of rigor mortis set in?

3 hours Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body does rigor mortis affect?

Face Signup and view all the answers

What time frame does lividity occur after death?

30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Identify two factors that will slow down the decomposition process of a dead body.

Obesity and temperature Signup and view all the answers

What does 'emeis' mean?

Vomit Signup and view all the answers

What does 'xanth' refer to?

Yellow Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ungo' mean?

Nail Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cide' refer to?

Death Signup and view all the answers

What does 'heme' mean?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest structural unit of living matter that can function independently?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

What is an integrated group of cells with a common function called?

Tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is a collection of tissues that performs a particular function or set of functions in the human body?

Organ Signup and view all the answers

What is a collection of components organized to accomplish specific functions?

System Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic makeup of a person called?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

What three parts make up the integumentary system?

skin, hair, nails Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the nervous system?

sensory receptors, spinal cord, brain, nerves Signup and view all the answers

What system filters fluid in the body and mounts attacks against foreign substances?

Lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

What system pumps blood around the body and transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste?

Cardiovascular system Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the cardiovascular system?

heart, blood vessels, veins, arteries, and capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone have a baby with triple X syndrome?

Advancing maternal age and experiencing menopause Signup and view all the answers

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?

It pumps blood and sends it throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What wouldn't be a good choice for someone who was told to improve their cholesterol?

Cutting back on protein Signup and view all the answers

If starting with 5 copies of gene Y, how many copies would there be after 4 PCR cycles?

80 Signup and view all the answers

Why does sickle cell persist or remain around?

Having the trait of sickle cell protects you from malaria Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the heart?

The heart delivers blood and nutrients to all body cells Signup and view all the answers

What causes blood clots?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

What does 'coccus' mean?

Round Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to reduce problems with antibiotic resistance?

Avoid taking too much or any antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

If there's an X & Y chromosome count, is it a male or female?

Male Signup and view all the answers

Why are the walls of arteries thick?

Pressure Signup and view all the answers

What should low-density cholesterol levels be?

130 Signup and view all the answers

What should high-density cholesterol levels be?

About 50 Signup and view all the answers

What should total cholesterol levels be under?

200 Signup and view all the answers

What is true about bacteria?

Most are beneficial to humans Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biomedical Terminology and Concepts

PPE stands for personal protective equipment used to shield against infectious materials.
Blood spatter analysis is a forensic technique assessing bloodstains to understand the circumstances of a crime.
A 12 point match indicates at least twelve specific similarities between two fingerprints.
Forensic science applies scientific methods to address civil and criminal legal questions.

Human Body Systems

The digestive system transforms food into usable energy and eliminates waste.
The urinary system is responsible for waste excretion in urine form.

Medical Abbreviations and Measurements

"PO" indicates medication taken by mouth; "tid" means three times daily.
One teaspoon equals 5 ml; one ounce equals 30 ml.

Autopsy and Forensic Investigation

A toxicologist assesses body fluids for toxins, like drugs in an autopsy report.
An autopsy includes an external exam identifying distinguishing features like scars and tattoos.
A coroner performs autopsies to determine causes of death.
Upon completion of an autopsy, a death certificate must be filed.

Genetic and Cellular Biology

DNA and RNA are found in the nucleus of a cell, which houses genetic information.
A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes essential for genetic diversity.
DNA is structured as a double helix, composed of nucleotides made of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, and phosphate.
Four chemicals form DNA: Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine, and Adenine.

Research Concepts

An experiment investigates the cause-and-effect relationship between variables.
A hypothesis provides a clear prediction of expected results.
A positive control serves as a benchmark for validating experimental outcomes.

Scientific Discovery and History

DNA was discovered in 1953 by scientists Crick and Watson.

Post-Mortem Changes

Rigor mortis begins three hours after death and primarily affects the face.
Lividity is observable within 30 minutes after death, indicating blood pooling.
Factors such as obesity and temperature can slow decomposition.

Anatomical and Physiological Overview

The integumentary system includes skin, hair, and nails.
The nervous system encompasses sensory receptors, the spinal cord, brain, and nerves.
The lymphatic system filters bodily fluids and combats foreign substances.
The cardiovascular system contains the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries, vital for transporting oxygen and nutrients.

Health and Medicine

Triple X syndrome can occur due to advanced maternal age.
The left ventricle's thickness is due to its role in efficiently pumping blood throughout the body.
A poor choice for managing cholesterol would be excessively cutting back on protein.

Bacterial Biology and Resistance

Most bacteria are beneficial to humans, playing crucial roles in health.
Antibiotic resistance can be reduced by avoiding overuse of antibiotics.

Cholesterol Guidance

Low-density cholesterol (LDL) levels should be under 130 mg/dL.
High-density cholesterol (HDL) levels should be around 50 mg/dL.
Total cholesterol should be kept below 200 mg/dL.

Miscellaneous

Coccus refers to bacteria that are round in shape.
Platelets are crucial for blood clotting, playing a key role in hemostasis.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Principles of Biomedical Science course. Each card presents a word and its definition, focusing on topics like forensic science and protective equipment. Ideal for students looking to prepare for exams or reinforce their understanding of the subject.