PLTW Principles of Biomedical Science Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for specialized clothing for protection against infectious materials?

PPE

What is the forensic science practice called that involves bloodstain analysis?

Blood spatter analysis

What term describes 2 fingerprints that showed similarities with at least minutiae?

12 point match

What field applies scientific knowledge to solve civil and criminal law?

<p>Forensic science</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the human body system responsible for turning food into energy?

<p>Digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ___ indicated in the autopsy report of Whitney Houston high levels of cocaine were found in the blood: translate the following.

<p>toxicologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of blood groups?

<p>A, B, AB, O</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patient has a diagnosis of strep throat and is prescribed amoxicillin ___ for one week.

<p>by mouth, three times a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the human body system responsible for excreting waste in the form of urine?

<p>Urinary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many milliliters is 1 teaspoon equal to?

<p>5 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two tests does a forensic chemist perform to help identify a substance?

<p>Preseason and consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who performs an autopsy to determine the cause of death?

<p>Coroner</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protein is hair composed of?

<p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The order reads to administer 1 ounce of Pepto Bismol by mouth: translate to ___ ml.

<p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identifying scars, clothing, tattoos, and jewelry would be part of what examination?

<p>External autopsy exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legal form must be completed when the autopsy is completed?

<p>Death certificate</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA & RNA are found in the ___ of the cell.

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes does a human cell contain?

<p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the appearance of the DNA structure?

<p>Double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three components make up a nucleotide?

<p>Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What four chemicals make up DNA: Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine, and __.

<p>Adenine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the scientists that discovered DNA?

<p>Crick and Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another called?

<p>Experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group expected to have a positive result so that the experimental setup was capable of producing results?

<p>Positive control</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a clear prediction of the anticipated result of an experiment called?

<p>Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine?

<p>Biomedical science</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year was DNA discovered?

<p>1953</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the initial stage of rigor mortis set in?

<p>3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body does rigor mortis affect?

<p>Face</p> Signup and view all the answers

What time frame does lividity occur after death?

<p>30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two factors that will slow down the decomposition process of a dead body.

<p>Obesity and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'emeis' mean?

<p>Vomit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'xanth' refer to?

<p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ungo' mean?

<p>Nail</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cide' refer to?

<p>Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'heme' mean?

<p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest structural unit of living matter that can function independently?

<p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an integrated group of cells with a common function called?

<p>Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a collection of tissues that performs a particular function or set of functions in the human body?

<p>Organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a collection of components organized to accomplish specific functions?

<p>System</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic makeup of a person called?

<p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three parts make up the integumentary system?

<p>skin, hair, nails</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the nervous system?

<p>sensory receptors, spinal cord, brain, nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system filters fluid in the body and mounts attacks against foreign substances?

<p>Lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system pumps blood around the body and transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste?

<p>Cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the cardiovascular system?

<p>heart, blood vessels, veins, arteries, and capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone have a baby with triple X syndrome?

<p>Advancing maternal age and experiencing menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?

<p>It pumps blood and sends it throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What wouldn't be a good choice for someone who was told to improve their cholesterol?

<p>Cutting back on protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

If starting with 5 copies of gene Y, how many copies would there be after 4 PCR cycles?

<p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does sickle cell persist or remain around?

<p>Having the trait of sickle cell protects you from malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the heart?

<p>The heart delivers blood and nutrients to all body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes blood clots?

<p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'coccus' mean?

<p>Round</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to reduce problems with antibiotic resistance?

<p>Avoid taking too much or any antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

If there's an X & Y chromosome count, is it a male or female?

<p>Male</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the walls of arteries thick?

<p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should low-density cholesterol levels be?

<p>130</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should high-density cholesterol levels be?

<p>About 50</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should total cholesterol levels be under?

<p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about bacteria?

<p>Most are beneficial to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

PPE

Personal protective equipment used by healthcare professionals to protect themselves from infectious materials.

Blood Spatter Analysis

A forensic technique that analyzes bloodstains to determine the circumstances of a crime, like the direction and force of the impact.

12 Point Match

A fingerprint identification method where at least twelve specific characteristics must match between two prints.

Forensic Science

The application of scientific methods to address legal questions in civil and criminal cases.

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Digestive System

The organ system that breaks down food into usable energy and eliminates waste products.

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Urinary System

The system that filters waste products from the blood and excretes them as urine.

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PO

A medical abbreviation meaning 'by mouth', indicating medication taken orally.

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tid

A medical abbreviation meaning 'three times daily', indicating the frequency of medication intake.

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Teaspoon

A unit of volume equal to 5 milliliters, often used in medication measurements.

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Ounce

A unit of volume equal to 30 milliliters, commonly used for medication measurements.

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Toxicologist

A specialist who examines body fluids for the presence of toxins, such as drugs, during an autopsy.

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External Exam

An external examination of the body during an autopsy, which includes identifying and recording distinguishing features like scars and tattoos.

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Coroner

A medical professional who investigates deaths to determine the cause, performing autopsies and issuing death certificates.

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Death Certificate

A legal document required after an autopsy, which officially records the cause and manner of death.

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Nucleus

The central part of a cell containing genetic information in the form of DNA and RNA.

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46 Chromosomes

The number of chromosomes found in a typical human cell, responsible for genetic diversity.

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Double Helix

The twisted ladder-like structure of DNA, composed of nucleotides containing a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate.

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Adenine

One of the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA, along with Cytosine, Thymine, and Guanine.

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Experiment

A scientific procedure designed to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between variables.

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Hypothesis

A clear, testable prediction of the expected results of an experiment.

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Positive Control

An experimental control group that serves as a benchmark for comparing results, providing a known outcome for validation.

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DNA Discovery

The scientific discovery of the double helix structure of DNA by Francis Crick and James Watson in 1953.

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Rigor Mortis

The stiffening of the body after death, starting approximately three hours after death and primarily affecting the face.

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Lividity

The pooling of blood in the body after death, appearing as purplish discoloration within 30 minutes.

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Decomposition

The process of decomposition, which can be influenced by factors like obesity and temperature, slowing down decomposition.

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Integumentary System

The organ system that protects the body from the external environment, consisting of skin, hair, and nails.

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Nervous System

The system that receives sensory information, processes it, and sends out signals to the body, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

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Lymphatic System

The system that filters body fluids and fights off infections, comprising lymph nodes and vessels.

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Cardiovascular System

The system responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, carrying oxygen and nutrients, composed of the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries.

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Triple X Syndrome

A genetic condition affecting females, often caused by advanced maternal age, characterized by an extra X chromosome.

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Left Ventricle Thickness

The left ventricle of the heart is thicker due to its role in efficiently pumping blood throughout the body.

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Protein and Cholesterol

Cutting back on protein too drastically is not recommended for managing cholesterol, as a balanced diet is crucial.

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Beneficial Bacteria

Bacteria play essential roles in human health, with most bacteria being beneficial.

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Antibiotic Resistance

The phenomenon of bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics, reducing their effectiveness in treating infections.

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LDL Cholesterol

A type of cholesterol considered 'bad' cholesterol, with levels ideally under 130 mg/dL.

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HDL Cholesterol

A type of cholesterol considered 'good' cholesterol, with levels ideally around 50 mg/dL.

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Total Cholesterol

The total amount of cholesterol in the blood, ideally kept below 200 mg/dL.

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Coccus

A shape of bacteria that is round or spherical.

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Platelets

Small, cell-like components in blood, essential for blood clotting and hemostasis.

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Study Notes

Biomedical Terminology and Concepts

  • PPE stands for personal protective equipment used to shield against infectious materials.
  • Blood spatter analysis is a forensic technique assessing bloodstains to understand the circumstances of a crime.
  • A 12 point match indicates at least twelve specific similarities between two fingerprints.
  • Forensic science applies scientific methods to address civil and criminal legal questions.

Human Body Systems

  • The digestive system transforms food into usable energy and eliminates waste.
  • The urinary system is responsible for waste excretion in urine form.

Medical Abbreviations and Measurements

  • "PO" indicates medication taken by mouth; "tid" means three times daily.
  • One teaspoon equals 5 ml; one ounce equals 30 ml.

Autopsy and Forensic Investigation

  • A toxicologist assesses body fluids for toxins, like drugs in an autopsy report.
  • An autopsy includes an external exam identifying distinguishing features like scars and tattoos.
  • A coroner performs autopsies to determine causes of death.
  • Upon completion of an autopsy, a death certificate must be filed.

Genetic and Cellular Biology

  • DNA and RNA are found in the nucleus of a cell, which houses genetic information.
  • A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes essential for genetic diversity.
  • DNA is structured as a double helix, composed of nucleotides made of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, and phosphate.
  • Four chemicals form DNA: Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine, and Adenine.

Research Concepts

  • An experiment investigates the cause-and-effect relationship between variables.
  • A hypothesis provides a clear prediction of expected results.
  • A positive control serves as a benchmark for validating experimental outcomes.

Scientific Discovery and History

  • DNA was discovered in 1953 by scientists Crick and Watson.

Post-Mortem Changes

  • Rigor mortis begins three hours after death and primarily affects the face.
  • Lividity is observable within 30 minutes after death, indicating blood pooling.
  • Factors such as obesity and temperature can slow decomposition.

Anatomical and Physiological Overview

  • The integumentary system includes skin, hair, and nails.
  • The nervous system encompasses sensory receptors, the spinal cord, brain, and nerves.
  • The lymphatic system filters bodily fluids and combats foreign substances.
  • The cardiovascular system contains the heart, blood vessels, and capillaries, vital for transporting oxygen and nutrients.

Health and Medicine

  • Triple X syndrome can occur due to advanced maternal age.
  • The left ventricle's thickness is due to its role in efficiently pumping blood throughout the body.
  • A poor choice for managing cholesterol would be excessively cutting back on protein.

Bacterial Biology and Resistance

  • Most bacteria are beneficial to humans, playing crucial roles in health.
  • Antibiotic resistance can be reduced by avoiding overuse of antibiotics.

Cholesterol Guidance

  • Low-density cholesterol (LDL) levels should be under 130 mg/dL.
  • High-density cholesterol (HDL) levels should be around 50 mg/dL.
  • Total cholesterol should be kept below 200 mg/dL.

Miscellaneous

  • Coccus refers to bacteria that are round in shape.
  • Platelets are crucial for blood clotting, playing a key role in hemostasis.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Principles of Biomedical Science course. Each card presents a word and its definition, focusing on topics like forensic science and protective equipment. Ideal for students looking to prepare for exams or reinforce their understanding of the subject.

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