Plotinus and St. Augustine's Philosophy of Self

The ego is the part of the psyche where emotions reside.

The superego operates according to the morality principle.

Ryle defined the self as observable behavior.

Defining the self focuses on observable behavior.

Descartes' famous philosophical statement meaning 'I think, therefore I am'.

Descartes believed the self to be an immortal, conscious being.

Descartes emphasized reason as the origin of knowledge.

Descartes viewed the physical body as mortal and non-thinking.

Augustine saw the body as a 'slave' to the soul.

Plotinus' ideas influenced Augustine's definition of the self.

Augustine believed a virtuous life centered around loving God.

Augustine transformed Plato's idea of the soul striving for the eternal into a striving for union with God.

Behavior is the key to understanding the self, according to Ryle.

Observable behavior is the core focus in defining the self.

Descartes viewed the physical body as mortal and governed by physical laws.