PLD 403 - Toxicology and Forensic Chemistry: Target Organs & Mechanisms of Toxicity

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is one factor that does NOT necessarily determine the target organ for a toxicant?

Altering the target molecule by the toxicant
Tissue distribution in the body (correct)
Duration of exposure to the toxicant
High concentration of toxicant at the target organ

Which organ serves as the target for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) despite not having the highest concentration of the toxicant?

Liver
Central Nervous System (CNS) (correct)
Kidney
Adipose tissue

Why is iron in cytochrome-P450 not considered a target molecule for Carbon monoxide (CO)?

It does not result in any significant consequence (correct)
It leads to hypoxia and toxicity
It binds with iron in hemoglobin instead
It has a high metabolic function

Which of the following is NOT a target organ for industrial and environmental toxicants?

Liver (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are the liver and kidney more exposed to toxicants compared to other organs?

Higher volume of blood flow and excretory functions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a crucial role in determining the toxicity of a toxicant at the target tissue?

The alteration of the target molecule by the toxicant (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criterion for a target organ for toxicity?

Greater sensitivity to the toxicant (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is particularly sensitive to toxicants that inhibit mitochondrial function?

Nervous system (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are more susceptible to mitotic poisons?

Rapidly dividing cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxicants is known to affect the nervous system and myocardial cells due to its inhibition of mitochondrial function?

Carbon monoxide (CO) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of toxicant is methotrexate?

Mitotic poison (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to an organ being a target for toxicity?

Proximity to the site of toxicant exposure (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about lipophilicity and target organs is correct?

Lipophilic toxicants can cross the blood-brain barrier and affect the central nervous system. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of selective uptake of a toxicant?

Paraquat, a herbicide structurally similar to polyamines, causing damage to the respiratory tract when administered orally. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about biotransformation (bioactivation - metabolism) is correct?

Bromobenzene is an example of a toxicant that is activated in the liver but can affect the kidney. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common molecular target for toxicants?

Carbohydrates (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a toxicant targeting a protein receptor?

d-Tubocurarine causing paralysis by binding to skeletal muscle nicotinic receptors. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a toxicant targeting a protein carrier?

Carbon monoxide binding to hemoglobin, where oxygen normally binds. (B) Signup and view all the answers