Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the standard value for the 'T R' in the Integer Files?
What is the standard value for the 'T R' in the Integer Files?
7
What range of files can be assigned by the user in the Integer Files?
What range of files can be assigned by the user in the Integer Files?
9 - 255
What is the purpose of the 'OTL' instruction in the Basic Bit Instructions?
What is the purpose of the 'OTL' instruction in the Basic Bit Instructions?
To latch a bit ON
What does 'XIC' stand for in the PLC Sequence Programming?
What does 'XIC' stand for in the PLC Sequence Programming?
What does ESET 225 refer to?
What does ESET 225 refer to?
What happens when the Output Energize (OTE) instruction is executed?
What happens when the Output Energize (OTE) instruction is executed?
What is the function of the Output Latch (OTL) instruction?
What is the function of the Output Latch (OTL) instruction?
What is the function of the Output Unlatch (OTU) instruction?
What is the function of the Output Unlatch (OTU) instruction?
How is the AND Logic used to control an output?
How is the AND Logic used to control an output?
How is the OR Logic used to control an output?
How is the OR Logic used to control an output?
What are the two logic solutions that can be designed to eliminate conflicts in control signals?
What are the two logic solutions that can be designed to eliminate conflicts in control signals?
What is the advantage of using an additive sequencer to solve conflicts?
What is the advantage of using an additive sequencer to solve conflicts?
What is the purpose of using memory bits in designing an additive sequencer?
What is the purpose of using memory bits in designing an additive sequencer?
In the context of signal conversion circuitry, what should be checked before allowing motion to start?
In the context of signal conversion circuitry, what should be checked before allowing motion to start?
What condition should be met for the 'Ready to start' in signal conversion circuitry?
What condition should be met for the 'Ready to start' in signal conversion circuitry?
What is the symbolic set of instructions used to create the controller program?
What is the symbolic set of instructions used to create the controller program?
What is the instruction that looks and operates like a normally open relay contact?
What is the instruction that looks and operates like a normally open relay contact?
What should be used in a ladder program to determine if a bit is On?
What should be used in a ladder program to determine if a bit is On?
What is the instruction that looks and operates like a normally closed relay contact?
What is the instruction that looks and operates like a normally closed relay contact?
How is the XIO instruction evaluated when the bit addressed is off (0)?
How is the XIO instruction evaluated when the bit addressed is off (0)?
What are the two main types of symbols used in PLC programming?
What are the two main types of symbols used in PLC programming?
How does a PLC determine if an input is on or off?
How does a PLC determine if an input is on or off?
What is the main function of a PLC program?
What is the main function of a PLC program?
How is ladder logic similar to electrical ladder logic?
How is ladder logic similar to electrical ladder logic?
What is the main purpose of a computer monitor in PLC programming?
What is the main purpose of a computer monitor in PLC programming?
What type of logic is used to control a warning horn with two limit switches?
What type of logic is used to control a warning horn with two limit switches?
How does a single acting cylinder convert energy into motion?
How does a single acting cylinder convert energy into motion?
What helps strengthen and direct the magnetic field in a solenoid?
What helps strengthen and direct the magnetic field in a solenoid?
In what way can air pressure act in a double acting cylinder?
In what way can air pressure act in a double acting cylinder?
How is the plunger of a solenoid connected to a valve spool?
How is the plunger of a solenoid connected to a valve spool?
What is the purpose of the off-delay timer (TOF) operation in a PLC?
What is the purpose of the off-delay timer (TOF) operation in a PLC?
When is a retentive timer (RTO) used in a PLC?
When is a retentive timer (RTO) used in a PLC?
What is the function of the reset (RES) instruction in a PLC?
What is the function of the reset (RES) instruction in a PLC?
What is the purpose of the One Shot Rising (OSR) instruction in PLC programming?
What is the purpose of the One Shot Rising (OSR) instruction in PLC programming?
Under what conditions does the ACC reset in a PLC?
Under what conditions does the ACC reset in a PLC?
When does the DN set in a PLC?
When does the DN set in a PLC?
What triggers the TT set in a PLC?
What triggers the TT set in a PLC?
Under what conditions does the EN set in a PLC?
Under what conditions does the EN set in a PLC?
When does the RTO reset in a PLC?
When does the RTO reset in a PLC?
What is the purpose of the TOF instruction in a PLC?
What is the purpose of the TOF instruction in a PLC?
Ladder Logic is used to program ______'s
Ladder Logic is used to program ______'s
The Examine If Closed (XIC) instruction looks and operates like a normally open ______ contact
The Examine If Closed (XIC) instruction looks and operates like a normally open ______ contact
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ______ contact
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ______ contact
The ladder diagram language is a symbolic set of instructions used to create the controller ______
The ladder diagram language is a symbolic set of instructions used to create the controller ______
Use the XIC instruction in your ladder program to determine if a bit is ______
Use the XIC instruction in your ladder program to determine if a bit is ______
Use the XIO instruction in your ladder program to determine if a bit is ______
Use the XIO instruction in your ladder program to determine if a bit is ______
These files are organized by the type of data they contain. 10 Energy System Engineering 5 Addressing ______ File Type File Number Element Word Bit
These files are organized by the type of data they contain. 10 Energy System Engineering 5 Addressing ______ File Type File Number Element Word Bit
11 ______ Output & Input Files This files stores the statues of the Input / Output terminals of the controller.
11 ______ Output & Input Files This files stores the statues of the Input / Output terminals of the controller.
12 Energy System Engineering 6 ______ Output & Input Files T O for Outputs, I for inputs f not used all outputs are file 0, all inputs are file 1 :e Physical slot used (1 - max.available) slot 0 is reserved for CPU.s used to indicate word if > 16 bits in slot 0 - 15, not required if not more than 16 bits /b bit in word (0 - 15)
12 Energy System Engineering 6 ______ Output & Input Files T O for Outputs, I for inputs f not used all outputs are file 0, all inputs are file 1 :e Physical slot used (1 - max.available) slot 0 is reserved for CPU.s used to indicate word if > 16 bits in slot 0 - 15, not required if not more than 16 bits /b bit in word (0 - 15)
13 I/O Address ______
13 I/O Address ______
14 Energy System Engineering 7 Status ______ The status data file contains information about the processor status This file stores controller operation information.
14 Energy System Engineering 7 Status ______ The status data file contains information about the processor status This file stores controller operation information.
In 1968 GM wrote the design criteria for a computer based “relay replacer.” This led to the development of the first ____________.
In 1968 GM wrote the design criteria for a computer based “relay replacer.” This led to the development of the first ____________.
As automated systems became more complex, relay control circuits became too large and unwieldy. Computer programming languages were not easy for factory electricians to use. This led to the need for a computer-based “relay replacer” known as the _________.
As automated systems became more complex, relay control circuits became too large and unwieldy. Computer programming languages were not easy for factory electricians to use. This led to the need for a computer-based “relay replacer” known as the _________.
Programmable logic controllers are now the most widely used industrial process control technology. A PLC is basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control. It has been designed to operate in the industrial environment and is equipped with special ________ interfaces and a control programming language.
Programmable logic controllers are now the most widely used industrial process control technology. A PLC is basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control. It has been designed to operate in the industrial environment and is equipped with special ________ interfaces and a control programming language.
PLC’s Programmable logic controllers are now the most widely used industrial process control technology. A PLC is basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control. It has been designed to operate in the industrial environment and is equipped with special input/output interfaces and a control ________ language.
PLC’s Programmable logic controllers are now the most widely used industrial process control technology. A PLC is basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control. It has been designed to operate in the industrial environment and is equipped with special input/output interfaces and a control ________ language.
As automated systems became more complex, relay control circuits became too large and unwieldy. Computer programming languages were not easy for factory electricians to use. This led to the need for a computer-based “relay replacer” known as the _________.
As automated systems became more complex, relay control circuits became too large and unwieldy. Computer programming languages were not easy for factory electricians to use. This led to the need for a computer-based “relay replacer” known as the _________.
As automated systems became more complex, relay control circuits became too large and unwieldy. Computer programming languages were not easy for factory electricians to use. This led to the need for a computer-based “relay replacer” known as the _________.
As automated systems became more complex, relay control circuits became too large and unwieldy. Computer programming languages were not easy for factory electricians to use. This led to the need for a computer-based “relay replacer” known as the _________.
Step 2-EXECUTE PROGRAM-Next the PLC executes your program one instruction at a time.Maybe your program said that if the first input was on then it should turn on the first output.Since it already knows which inputs are on/off from the previous step it will be able to decide whether the first output should be turned on based on the state of the first input.It will store the execution results for use later during the next ______.
Step 2-EXECUTE PROGRAM-Next the PLC executes your program one instruction at a time.Maybe your program said that if the first input was on then it should turn on the first output.Since it already knows which inputs are on/off from the previous step it will be able to decide whether the first output should be turned on based on the state of the first input.It will store the execution results for use later during the next ______.
Finally the PLC updates the status of the outputs.It updates the outputs based on which inputs were on during the first step and the results of executing your program during the second ______.
Finally the PLC updates the status of the outputs.It updates the outputs based on which inputs were on during the first step and the results of executing your program during the second ______.
One scan time is defined as the time it takes to execute the 3 steps listed ______.
One scan time is defined as the time it takes to execute the 3 steps listed ______.
All the devices supplying information to the PLC are ______.
All the devices supplying information to the PLC are ______.
Any device to be controlled by the PLC must be connected to an ______ terminal.
Any device to be controlled by the PLC must be connected to an ______ terminal.
In 1968 GM wrote the design criteria for a computer based “relay replacer” which led to the development of the ________.
In 1968 GM wrote the design criteria for a computer based “relay replacer” which led to the development of the ________.
A PLC is basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control. It has been designed to operate in the industrial environment and is equipped with special input/output interfaces and a control programming ________.
A PLC is basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control. It has been designed to operate in the industrial environment and is equipped with special input/output interfaces and a control programming ________.
Programmable logic controllers are now the most widely used industrial process control technology. A PLC is basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control. It has been designed to operate in the industrial environment and is equipped with special ________ interfaces and a control programming language.
Programmable logic controllers are now the most widely used industrial process control technology. A PLC is basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control. It has been designed to operate in the industrial environment and is equipped with special ________ interfaces and a control programming language.
The ladder diagram language is a symbolic set of instructions used to create the controller ________.
The ladder diagram language is a symbolic set of instructions used to create the controller ________.
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ________ contact.
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ________ contact.
The _________ is used to program PLC’s.
The _________ is used to program PLC’s.
The Examine If Closed (XIC) instruction looks and operates like a normally open ________ contact.
The Examine If Closed (XIC) instruction looks and operates like a normally open ________ contact.
Use the XIC instruction in your ladder program to determine if a bit is ________.
Use the XIC instruction in your ladder program to determine if a bit is ________.
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ________ contact.
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ________ contact.
PLC’s are equipped with special input/output interfaces and a control ________ language.
PLC’s are equipped with special input/output interfaces and a control ________ language.
The structure of a PLC is based on the same principles as those employed in computer ______
The structure of a PLC is based on the same principles as those employed in computer ______
A personal computer (PC) is the most commonly used programming ______
A personal computer (PC) is the most commonly used programming ______
The CPU controls the entire ______
The CPU controls the entire ______
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ______ contact
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ______ contact
The status data file contains information about the processor ______
The status data file contains information about the processor ______
The main function of the program is to control outputs based on the status of ______.
The main function of the program is to control outputs based on the status of ______.
A PLC works by continually scanning a program. This scan cycle consists of 3 important steps. Typically the others are checking the system and updating the current internal counter and timer values. First, the PLC takes a look at each input to determine if it is on or off. In other words, is the sensor connected to the first input on? Step 1-CHECK INPUT STATUS-First the PLC takes a look at each input to determine if it is on or off. In other words, is the sensor connected to the first input ______?
A PLC works by continually scanning a program. This scan cycle consists of 3 important steps. Typically the others are checking the system and updating the current internal counter and timer values. First, the PLC takes a look at each input to determine if it is on or off. In other words, is the sensor connected to the first input on? Step 1-CHECK INPUT STATUS-First the PLC takes a look at each input to determine if it is on or off. In other words, is the sensor connected to the first input ______?
Contacts describe the information available to the control system. Coils cause the actions that the control system must perform. The interconnection of contacts and coils define the decisions that the system makes. The Examine If Closed (XIC) instruction looks and operates like a normally open ______ contact.
Contacts describe the information available to the control system. Coils cause the actions that the control system must perform. The interconnection of contacts and coils define the decisions that the system makes. The Examine If Closed (XIC) instruction looks and operates like a normally open ______ contact.
If all Input bits on a rung are “True”, then Output will be “ON.” Ladder Logic is used to program ______'s.
If all Input bits on a rung are “True”, then Output will be “ON.” Ladder Logic is used to program ______'s.
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ______ contact.
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ______ contact.
The Output Energize (OTE) instruction looks and operates like a ______ coil
The Output Energize (OTE) instruction looks and operates like a ______ coil
OTL can only turn on (Set) a bit, while OTU can only turn off (Reset) a ______
OTL can only turn on (Set) a bit, while OTU can only turn off (Reset) a ______
The AND Logic uses two switches in ______ to control an output
The AND Logic uses two switches in ______ to control an output
The OR Logic uses two switches in ______ to control an output
The OR Logic uses two switches in ______ to control an output
OTL and OTU are retentive output instructions usually used in ______
OTL and OTU are retentive output instructions usually used in ______
The Examine If Closed (XIC) instruction looks and operates like a normally open ______ contact
The Examine If Closed (XIC) instruction looks and operates like a normally open ______ contact
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ______ contact
The Examine If Open (XIO) instruction looks and operates like a normally closed ______ contact
The status data file contains information about the processor ______
The status data file contains information about the processor ______
Ladder Logic is used to program ______
Ladder Logic is used to program ______
The Output Unlatch (OTU) instruction is used to turn off (Reset) a ______
The Output Unlatch (OTU) instruction is used to turn off (Reset) a ______
A conflict occurs when two opposing control signals are ON at the same time, i.e. A+ & A- Logic solutions can be designed to eliminate conflicts, using signal conversion circuitry: – One-shot [timed pulse] – ______ circuit
A conflict occurs when two opposing control signals are ON at the same time, i.e. A+ & A- Logic solutions can be designed to eliminate conflicts, using signal conversion circuitry: – One-shot [timed pulse] – ______ circuit
The fastest way to solve conflicts is to design an ______ sequencer. Very similar to Relay Logic design. One rung for each step, and a Reset rung at end of sequence. Use memory bits for steps, and use steps to control output bits
The fastest way to solve conflicts is to design an ______ sequencer. Very similar to Relay Logic design. One rung for each step, and a Reset rung at end of sequence. Use memory bits for steps, and use steps to control output bits
It is often advantageous to check that a machine is in the “Rest” or “Home” position before allowing motion to start. Check that all rest position limits are ON. ______ for Home position to ensure safety
It is often advantageous to check that a machine is in the “Rest” or “Home” position before allowing motion to start. Check that all rest position limits are ON. ______ for Home position to ensure safety
‘RUN’ bit for start. Ready to start condition (HOME). Not ‘DONE’ Latch bit on Use a memory bit for ______
‘RUN’ bit for start. Ready to start condition (HOME). Not ‘DONE’ Latch bit on Use a memory bit for ______
Actions are completed Latch current step Previous step is ON Use consecutive memory bits for ______
Actions are completed Latch current step Previous step is ON Use consecutive memory bits for ______
Flashcards
Ladder Logic
Ladder Logic
A PLC programming language that uses a ladder-like diagram to represent logic operations. It is commonly used for industrial control applications.
OTE (Output Energize)
OTE (Output Energize)
The instruction used to turn on (set) an output bit. It's like a normally open coil that is energized when its condition is met.
OTU (Output Unlatch)
OTU (Output Unlatch)
The instruction used to turn off (reset) an output bit. It's like a normally open coil that is de-energized when its condition is met.
OTL (Output Latch)
OTL (Output Latch)
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XIC (Examine If Closed)
XIC (Examine If Closed)
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XIO (Examine If Open)
XIO (Examine If Open)
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Conflict
Conflict
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One-shot (timed pulse) solution
One-shot (timed pulse) solution
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Retentive circuit solution
Retentive circuit solution
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Additive sequencer
Additive sequencer
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Rest or Home Position
Rest or Home Position
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Rest Position Limit
Rest Position Limit
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Ready to Start Condition (HOME)
Ready to Start Condition (HOME)
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Status File
Status File
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Input File
Input File
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Output File
Output File
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Energy System Engineering File
Energy System Engineering File
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Integer File
Integer File
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PLC Scan
PLC Scan
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Scan Time
Scan Time
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Input Devices
Input Devices
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Output Devices
Output Devices
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
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Programming Device (PC)
Programming Device (PC)
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Ladder Diagram Language
Ladder Diagram Language
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PLC History
PLC History
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PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
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Study Notes
PLC Programming Basics
- The standard value for the 'T R' in the Integer Files is not specified.
- The user can assign a range of files in the Integer Files, but the specific range is not mentioned.
- The 'OTL' instruction is used to latch an output, which means it can only turn on (set) a bit.
PLC Instructions
- The 'XIC' instruction stands for Examine If Closed and looks and operates like a normally open relay contact.
- The 'XIO' instruction stands for Examine If Open and looks and operates like a normally closed relay contact.
- The 'OTE' instruction looks and operates like a normally open coil.
- The 'OTL' instruction is used to latch an output, and 'OTU' instruction is used to unlatch an output.
- The 'OTL' instruction can only turn on (set) a bit, while 'OTU' instruction can only turn off (reset) a bit.
Logic Control
- The AND Logic is used to control an output by using two switches in series.
- The OR Logic is used to control an output by using two switches in parallel.
- Ladder Logic is used to program PLCs.
Conflict Resolution
- A conflict occurs when two opposing control signals are ON at the same time.
- Two logic solutions can be designed to eliminate conflicts: One-shot (timed pulse) and Retentive circuit.
- The fastest way to solve conflicts is to design an Additive sequencer.
Signal Conversion Circuitry
- Before allowing motion to start, it is often advantageous to check that a machine is in the “Rest” or “Home” position.
- Check that all rest position limits are ON.
- Ready to start condition (HOME) is not ‘DONE’ Latch bit on.
PLC Operation
- A PLC works by continually scanning a program, which consists of three important steps: Check Input Status, Execute Program, and Update Output Status.
- One scan time is defined as the time it takes to execute the three steps.
- All devices supplying information to the PLC are inputs.
- Any device to be controlled by the PLC must be connected to an output terminal.
PLC History
- In 1968, GM wrote the design criteria for a computer-based “relay replacer,” which led to the development of the first PLC.
- Programmable logic controllers are now the most widely used industrial process control technology.
- A PLC is basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control, equipped with special input/output interfaces and a control programming language.
PLC Structure
- The structure of a PLC is based on the same principles as those employed in computer design.
- The CPU controls the entire PLC.
- A personal computer (PC) is the most commonly used programming device.
- The ladder diagram language is a symbolic set of instructions used to create the controller program.
PLC Files
- The Integer Files are organized by the type of data they contain.
- The Output File stores the status of the output terminals.
- The Input File stores the status of the input terminals.
- The Status File contains information about the processor status.
- The Energy System Engineering File contains information about the controller operation.
Output Control
- The Output Energize (OTE) instruction is used to turn on an output.
- The Output Unlatch (OTU) instruction is used to turn off an output.
- The Output Latch (OTL) instruction is used to latch an output.
- The Output Unlatch (OTU) instruction is used to unlatch an output.
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Description
Learn the basics of programming a PLC using Ladder Logic, which is the main method for programming PLCs. Understand the use of symbols such as 'Contacts' and 'Coils' and how to control outputs based on input statuses.
