Plate Tectonics and Earth Crust Movement
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary process by which new crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges?

  • Subduction of tectonic plates
  • Erosion of pre-existing crust
  • Upwelling of magma (correct)
  • Folding of lithospheric plates
  • What did J. Tuzo Wilson introduce in 1965 regarding the movement of Earth's crust?

  • The liquid mantle theory
  • The theory of continental drift
  • The expanding Earth hypothesis
  • The concept of rigid plates (correct)
  • Which of the following best explains how continents can move apart?

  • Mantle convection currents
  • Seafloor spreading (correct)
  • Shifting tectonic plates
  • Erosion along fault lines
  • Where is intense volcanic and earthquake activity primarily concentrated?

    <p>The Pacific Rim (Ring of Fire)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do contemporary deformations in Earth's crust primarily correspond to?

    <p>Types of plate boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological evidence suggests that South America and Africa were once joined?

    <p>Fossils of the Mesosaurus are found only in those continents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for rejecting Wegener's hypothesis about continental drift?

    <p>Tidal forces were deemed too weak to cause the movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the idea of convection currents affecting continental drift?

    <p>Arthur Holmes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes divergent plate boundaries?

    <p>Plates move apart and new lithosphere is created</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key discovery did Maurice Ewing contribute to the understanding of seafloor spreading?

    <p>The composition of the seafloor being largely young basalt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plate is considered the largest tectonic plate?

    <p>Pacific Plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature was mapped along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that supports the theory of seafloor spreading?

    <p>A deep crack-like valley or rift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at convergent plate boundaries?

    <p>Plates come together, leading to recycling of one into the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did initial perceptions of Marie Tharp's contributions to seafloor mapping reflect gender biases?

    <p>Her ideas were initially dismissed as trivial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of features can be observed at plate boundaries?

    <p>Geologic features vary depending on the type of boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence was essential in convincing skeptics of seafloor spreading after World War II?

    <p>Explorations revealing the presence of young basalt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major tectonic plates are recognized?

    <p>13 major plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the effect of convection currents in Holmes' proposal on geological structures?

    <p>They led to the creation of new oceanic crust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at transform faults?

    <p>Plates slide past each other without changing lithosphere area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plate is an example of a smaller tectonic plate?

    <p>Juan de Fuca Plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of the lithosphere in plate tectonics?

    <p>It is divided into rigid plates that move independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary contribution of Alfred Wegener to the field of geology?

    <p>He detailed the concept of continental drift and introduced Pangaea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supported the concept of continental drift?

    <p>Similar shapes of coastlines and fossil evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis suggested that today's southern continents were once a single mass?

    <p>Gondwana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did many scientists initially reject Wegener's ideas?

    <p>They believed the Earth's crust was too rigid for large-scale movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts drew parallels with the emergence of plate tectonics?

    <p>The DNA double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shift in geological thought occurred in the 1960s?

    <p>The introduction of plate tectonics as a unifying theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological evidence was NOT used to support Wegener's theory?

    <p>Meteorological data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'Pangaea' refers to what?

    <p>The first supercontinent that existed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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