Plastids and Chloroplast Structure

Organelles found in plant cells that store various substances like oils, proteins, and pigments.

Plastids that store oils.

Plastids that store proteins.

Plastids that contain carotenoids, pigments responsible for yellow, red, and orange colors in plants.

Pigments found in chromoplasts that give plants their yellow, red, and orange hues.

A type of carotenoid found in tomatoes, which is essential for their red color and is linked to health benefits.

Organelles found in green plant tissues that contain chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for photosynthesis.

A type of glycolipid found in chloroplast membranes.

Small, colorless organelles found in young plant cells that can develop into different types of plastids.

Type of plastid that stores starch.

Type of plastid found in plants grown in the dark, containing a precursor to chlorophyll.

Enlarged colourless proplastids often found in internal tissues of the plant and epidermal cells, responsible for storage of various substances.

The inner membrane of a chloroplast, responsible for regulating the transport of materials between the cytoplasm and the stroma.

The fluid-filled main compartment of a chloroplast, contains enzymes, ribosomes, and DNA.

The process of bringing proteins into the chloroplast.

A complex of proteins that facilitate the movement of proteins across the outer chloroplast membrane.

A complex of proteins that facilitate the movement of proteins across the inner chloroplast membrane.

A specific amino acid sequence found at the beginning of a protein that signals its destination to the chloroplast.

A critical enzyme in photosynthesis that fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules.

A small, circular DNA molecule found within chloroplasts. It encodes some of the chloroplast proteins.

Disk-shaped structures within chloroplasts that are responsible for photosynthesis.

Stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts, resembling a pile of coins.

Individual thylakoids that extend laterally and interconnect the grana.

The internal space of a thylakoid.

A metabolic chain within thylakoid membranes responsible for photosynthesis.

A type of glycolipid abundant in thylakoid membranes, making them fluid.

Proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane that are involved in ATP synthesis.

Carotenoids, particularly xanthophylls, found in thylakoid membranes that absorb light energy.

Organisms that produce their own food using light energy and inorganic compounds like water and carbon dioxide.

Organisms that produce their own food using the energy from inorganic compounds instead of light.

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and rely on consuming other organisms for energy.

The process plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy and store it as glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Pigments found in plants that absorb light energy, primarily blue and red wavelengths.

A process where chloroplasts consume O2 and release CO2, wasting energy. It happens when the enzyme Rubisco binds to O2 instead of CO2, due to low CO2/O2 ratio, often caused by closed stomata in hot, dry conditions.

A process where high light intensity damages the photosystems in the photosynthesis chain, leading to the generation of toxic oxygen species. This disrupts the photosynthesis process and can kill the plant.

The critical enzyme in photosynthesis that binds CO2 into organic molecules.

It's a five-carbon sugar (pentose) and a ketone.

The ratio of CO2 to O2 in the environment determines which gas will react with Rubisco.