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Questions and Answers
Which structure is primarily restored in reconstructive plastic surgery?
Which structure is primarily restored in reconstructive plastic surgery?
- Normal appearance
- Functional impairment
- Abnormal structures (correct)
- Skin texture
What is the primary difference between aesthetic and reconstructive surgery?
What is the primary difference between aesthetic and reconstructive surgery?
- Aesthetic surgery is less complex than reconstructive surgery.
- Reconstructive surgery enhances appearance while aesthetic surgery restores function.
- Aesthetic surgery aims to improve or modify appearance, whereas reconstructive surgery treats abnormalities. (correct)
- Both surgeries address the same types of cases.
Which of the following is a crucial aspect of equipment safety in plastic surgery?
Which of the following is a crucial aspect of equipment safety in plastic surgery?
- Using expired instruments
- Adhering to strict sterilization protocols (correct)
- Avoiding the use of implants
- Utilizing one-size-fits-all surgical tools
Which type of skin graft includes both the epidermis and part of the dermis?
Which type of skin graft includes both the epidermis and part of the dermis?
What surgical procedure is indicated for cancerous skin lesions?
What surgical procedure is indicated for cancerous skin lesions?
Which type of anesthesia is commonly used for minor surgical procedures in plastic surgery?
Which type of anesthesia is commonly used for minor surgical procedures in plastic surgery?
What is the main purpose of using a Jackson Pratt Drain in plastic surgery?
What is the main purpose of using a Jackson Pratt Drain in plastic surgery?
What is significant about the dressing used in plastic surgery?
What is significant about the dressing used in plastic surgery?
Which type of skin graft allows the donor site to be utilized again?
Which type of skin graft allows the donor site to be utilized again?
Which surgical instrument is primarily used for magnification during procedures?
Which surgical instrument is primarily used for magnification during procedures?
Which statement about split thickness skin grafts is incorrect?
Which statement about split thickness skin grafts is incorrect?
In the context of breast reconstruction using TRAM flap, what is the primary characteristic?
In the context of breast reconstruction using TRAM flap, what is the primary characteristic?
Which procedure involves severing the original blood supply during reconstruction?
Which procedure involves severing the original blood supply during reconstruction?
What is the purpose of tissue expanders in breast reconstruction?
What is the purpose of tissue expanders in breast reconstruction?
Which of the following describes the Z-plasty approach in scar revision?
Which of the following describes the Z-plasty approach in scar revision?
Which of the following does not fall under the category of maxillofacial surgery?
Which of the following does not fall under the category of maxillofacial surgery?
During breast augmentation, what is an important consideration for the circulating RN?
During breast augmentation, what is an important consideration for the circulating RN?
What role does microsurgery play in tissue restoration?
What role does microsurgery play in tissue restoration?
What distinguishes a Free Tram Flap from a TRAM flap?
What distinguishes a Free Tram Flap from a TRAM flap?
Which type of flap maintains blood supply through a pedicle?
Which type of flap maintains blood supply through a pedicle?
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Study Notes
Plastic Surgery Overview
- Plastic surgery encompasses two main branches: reconstructive and aesthetic surgery.
- Reconstructive surgery addresses abnormal structures due to birth defects, disease processes, and injury, aiming to restore function.
- Aesthetic surgery focuses on improving or modifying normal physical appearance.
Anatomy and Layers of the Skin
- Understanding skin layers is crucial for performing efficient surgeries and healing.
- Skin cancers include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, necessitating surgical intervention.
Surgical Approaches
- Reconstructive surgery restores normal body function, while aesthetic surgery reshapes normal structures for enhancement.
- Common surgical interventions in this field include burn surgery, breast reconstruction (e.g., TRAM flap), and maxillofacial surgery.
Perioperative Nursing Considerations
- Anesthesia may be general or local, with tumescent local infiltration commonly used.
- Accurate count of instruments is crucial; dressings are critically important in plastic surgery.
Key Surgical Instruments
- Lead hand retractor, microvascular scissors, tenotomy/Stevens scissors, and microbipolar forceps are essential tools.
- Specialized equipment includes tourniquets, Jackson Pratt drains, and loupes for magnification.
Skin Grafting Techniques
- Split Thickness Skin Graft: Involves the epidermis and part of the dermis; can be meshed for expansion and stapled, allowing the donor site to heal for reuse.
- Full Thickness Skin Graft: Comprises the entire skin layer; typically sutured in place, used for areas requiring strong skin coverage.
Breast Reconstruction Methods
- Myocutaneous flaps are employed in breast reconstruction, classified into pedicle (blood supply remains intact) and free flaps (original blood supply severed).
- TRAM Flap: Uses rectus abdominis muscle to reconstruct the breast with preserved blood supply via a pedicle.
- Free TRAM Flap: Involves severing and microsurgically reconnecting blood supply to achieve breast reconstruction.
Tissue Expansion
- Used post-mastectomy to create sufficient breast mound skin; involves implants that stretch skin over time through saline injections.
Microsurgery
- Critical for reconstructing or replanning tissue lost due to injury or disease, including replantation of amputated parts.
Maxillofacial Surgery
- Addresses facial fractures and congenital anomalies, with common types including zygomatic, mandibular, and maxillary fractures (LeFort I, II, III).
Scar Revision Techniques
- Aesthetic procedures aimed at minimizing scar visibility; Z-plasty modifies scar shape to align with natural skin lines for better camouflage.
Breast Augmentation
- Aims to correct breast hypomastia, asymmetry, or reconstruct breasts post-mastectomy using silicone or saline implants.
- Precise documentation and care required in handling implants during surgery.
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