Chapter 32

Majority of plasma proteins are produced by the

A dehydrated animal usually has a relatively _____ total protein concentration

An overly hydrated animal usually has a relatively ______ total protein concentration

One of the most important proteins in plasma, makes up 35% to 50% of total plasma protein in most animals and any significant state of hypoproteinemia is most likely caused by loss of this protein

Any diffuse liver disease may result in decreased _____ synthesis

Synthesized in the liver and primarily transport and bind proteins. Two important proteins in this fraction are high-density lipoproteins and very-low-density lipoproteins

Include complement C3/C4, transferrin and ferritin which are responsible for heme binding, iron transport and fibrin formation and lysis

Immunoglobulins synthesized by plasma cells, are responsible for antibody production

Malfunctions in the liver or gallbladder may result in

An insoluble molecule derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin by macrophages in the spleen

It is important that samples be protected from light to ensure accurate results because ____ can also be broken down with exposure to light

Match

Aid in fat absorption by enabling the formation of micelles in the gastrointestinal system and modulate cholesterol levels via bile acid synthesis

Match

The common enzyme tests of liver function that are performed in small animal vet practice are

Cholestasis causes an increase in serum cholesterol in some species

Sometimes used as a screening test for hypothyroidism

In dogs, cats, and primate the major source of ___ is the hepatocyte, where the enzyme is found free in the cytoplasm. ___ is considered a liver specific enzyme in these species. The administration of corticosteroids or anticonvulsant medications may result in increased serum ___ levels

___ is present in hepatocytes which are found free in the cytoplasm as well as bound to the mitochondrial membrane, More severe liver damage is required to release the membrane-bound ___.

____ is a mitochondrial-bound enzyme found in high concentrations in the hepatocytes of cattle, sheep and goats. Increase in this enzyme is indicative of hepatocyte damage or necrosis in cattle and sheep

The blood GGT level is elevated in pts with liver disease, especially in those with obstructive liver disease

Dogs horses sheep and goat the albumin concentration is usually _____ than globulins

Pigs, cattle and cats albumin concentration is usually ________ than globulins

Acute inflammation or tissue damage may elevate plasma fibrinogen

Clinical signs of malfunction in the liver include

Why is bilirubin and bile acids test more sensitive than other substances produced by hepatocytes

if there is increase of conjugated bilirubin what is it indicative of

Serum concentration of bile acids do not correlate with portal concentration

Enzymes released from damaged hepatocytes include