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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane structure?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane structure?
- The membrane is impermeable to water
- The membrane is composed only of lipids and proteins
- The membrane is a rigid, static structure
- The membrane is dynamic and includes lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates (correct)
What role do ion channels play in cystic fibrosis?
What role do ion channels play in cystic fibrosis?
- They regulate cell size
- They facilitate energy production
- They contribute to dehydrated mucus leading to chronic lung infections (correct)
- They are involved in passive transport
Which type of transport involves movement of substances against their concentration gradient?
Which type of transport involves movement of substances against their concentration gradient?
- Facilitated diffusion
- $CO_2$ diffusion
- $Na^+/K^+$ pump (correct)
- $O_2$ diffusion
What is the significance of membranes and associated proteins in medicine?
What is the significance of membranes and associated proteins in medicine?
What are the main functions of proteins on the plasma membrane?
What are the main functions of proteins on the plasma membrane?
What is the process that involves cell response induction by hormones or neurotransmitters?
What is the process that involves cell response induction by hormones or neurotransmitters?
Which mechanism involves movement from high to low concentration towards equilibrium?
Which mechanism involves movement from high to low concentration towards equilibrium?
What is the process of water diffusion across a membrane to balance solute concentrations?
What is the process of water diffusion across a membrane to balance solute concentrations?
What is the energy source required for active transport?
What is the energy source required for active transport?
Which components are included in the composition of the plasma membrane?
Which components are included in the composition of the plasma membrane?
What is the thickness of the plasma membrane?
What is the thickness of the plasma membrane?
Which of the following influences the fluidity of the membrane?
Which of the following influences the fluidity of the membrane?
What are the exclusive locations of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?
What are the exclusive locations of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?
What is a main function of the Plasma Membrane?
What is a main function of the Plasma Membrane?
What is one of the key structural components that make up the Plasma Membrane?
What is one of the key structural components that make up the Plasma Membrane?
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Study Notes
Biological Membranes and Plasma Membrane Structure
- Biological membranes include lysosome, mitochondrial inner and outer, plasma membrane, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and nuclear envelope
- Cells contain various membrane compartments, with most being around 1µm in size
- Membranes are sheet-like structures consisting of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates linked to lipids or proteins, and are non-covalent assemblies
- The plasma membrane is 7.5-10 nm thick and separates living cells from their surroundings, controlling the movement of nutrients, ions, and proteins
- Learning objectives include understanding the diversity and common features of biological membranes and the key structural components of the plasma membrane
- The plasma membrane composition includes membrane lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, following the fluid mosaic model
- Lipid composition includes phospholipids, sphingomyelin, glycolipids, and cholesterol
- Membrane proteins can be integral, peripheral, or lipid-anchored, while carbohydrates are exclusively presented on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane
- The fluid mosaic model describes individual phospholipids and proteins moving side-to-side within the layer
- Fluidity of the membrane is influenced by fatty acid composition, saturation, and cholesterol content
- Cholesterol modulates membrane fluidity at different temperatures and has essential roles in regulating O2 entry and serving as a primitive cellular defense against O2
- Sterols may have evolved in eukaryotes as an adaptive response to the rise of terrestrial O2
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