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Questions and Answers
Which structural feature primarily dictates the regular shape observed in plant cells, contrasting with the more flexible form of animal cells?
Which structural feature primarily dictates the regular shape observed in plant cells, contrasting with the more flexible form of animal cells?
- The exclusive presence of a cell membrane.
- The rigid cell wall composed of cellulose. (correct)
- The presence of numerous, small vacuoles.
- The absence of centrioles.
A biologist is examining an unknown cell under a microscope and observes chloroplasts. What can the biologist definitively conclude about the cell?
A biologist is examining an unknown cell under a microscope and observes chloroplasts. What can the biologist definitively conclude about the cell?
- The cell is likely undergoing cell division due to the presence of chloroplasts.
- The cell is an animal cell storing waste products.
- The cell is a plant cell capable of photosynthesis. (correct)
- The cell is an animal cell involved in active movement.
How does the large central vacuole in plant cells contribute to the cell's overall function and structure?
How does the large central vacuole in plant cells contribute to the cell's overall function and structure?
- It facilitates cell division by organizing spindle fibers.
- It provides a rigid outer layer for protection against external forces.
- It synthesizes proteins necessary for cell metabolism.
- It stores water, nutrients, and waste while maintaining turgor pressure. (correct)
If a cell sample lacks centrioles but exhibits a phragmoplast during cell division, what type of cell is most likely present?
If a cell sample lacks centrioles but exhibits a phragmoplast during cell division, what type of cell is most likely present?
Which of the following best describes the role of the cell membrane in animal cells, contrasting it with the cell wall in plant cells?
Which of the following best describes the role of the cell membrane in animal cells, contrasting it with the cell wall in plant cells?
If a researcher is comparing the sizes of various eukaryotic cells, what general size difference would they likely observe between plant and animal cells?
If a researcher is comparing the sizes of various eukaryotic cells, what general size difference would they likely observe between plant and animal cells?
Why is the ability of animal cells to change shape more easily advantageous compared to the more rigid structure of plant cells?
Why is the ability of animal cells to change shape more easily advantageous compared to the more rigid structure of plant cells?
Which of the following characteristics is exclusively associated with animal cells, playing a critical role during cell division?
Which of the following characteristics is exclusively associated with animal cells, playing a critical role during cell division?
A student observes a cell under a microscope with a prominent structure filling a large portion of the cell's volume. The student concludes that the cell is likely a plant cell. Which organelle led them to this conclusion?
A student observes a cell under a microscope with a prominent structure filling a large portion of the cell's volume. The student concludes that the cell is likely a plant cell. Which organelle led them to this conclusion?
Considering the fundamental differences in energy acquisition between plants and animals, which cellular structure is uniquely present in plant cells to support their specific mode of energy production?
Considering the fundamental differences in energy acquisition between plants and animals, which cellular structure is uniquely present in plant cells to support their specific mode of energy production?
Flashcards
Cell Wall (Plant Cells)
Cell Wall (Plant Cells)
A rigid outer layer in plant cells providing support and shape, composed mainly of cellulose.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
Organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll.
Central Vacuole (Plant Cells)
Central Vacuole (Plant Cells)
A large organelle in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste, maintaining turgor pressure.
Centrioles
Centrioles
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Key differences of Plant vs. Animal Cells
Key differences of Plant vs. Animal Cells
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Study Notes
- Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic, possessing a nucleus and complex organelles.
- Key differences exist due to the distinct functions of plant and animal cells.
Cell Wall
- Plant cells feature a rigid cell wall around the cell membrane for support, protection, and defined shape.
- The cell wall mainly consists of cellulose, a polysaccharide.
- Animal cells lack a cell wall, having a flexible cell membrane as their outermost boundary.
- This allows for shape changes necessary for movement and phagocytosis.
Chloroplasts
- Plant cells contain chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis.
- Chloroplasts use chlorophyll to capture light energy from the sun.
- This captured energy converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar).
- Animal cells lack chloroplasts, obtaining energy through food consumption.
Vacuoles
- Plant cells have a large central vacuole, occupying up to 90% of cell volume.
- Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste, and maintain turgor pressure for cell support.
- Animal cells have smaller, more numerous vacuoles for storage and transport.
Shape and Size
- Plant cells have a regular, defined shape due to their cell wall.
- Animal cells have a more irregular, flexible shape.
- Plant cells, ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers, typically are larger than animal cells.
- Animal cells typically range from 10 to 30 micrometers.
Centrioles
- Animal cells have centrioles involved in cell division.
- Centrioles organize microtubules into spindle fibers for chromosome separation during mitosis and meiosis.
- Plant cells do not have centrioles.
- Plant cells use structures like the phragmoplast for similar functions during cell division.
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