Podcast
Questions and Answers
If a plant's phloem is damaged, which process would be most directly affected?
If a plant's phloem is damaged, which process would be most directly affected?
- Transport of water from the roots to the leaves.
- Transport of sugars produced in the leaves to the roots. (correct)
- Transport of minerals from the soil to the stem.
- Anchoring of the plant in the soil.
In a dicotyledonous root, what is the primary function of the endodermis?
In a dicotyledonous root, what is the primary function of the endodermis?
- To protect the root tip from damage.
- To store starch and other food reserves.
- To regulate the movement of water and nutrients into the xylem. (correct)
- To provide structural support to the root.
Which of the following structural differences between stems and roots directly contributes to their different functions regarding support and transport?
Which of the following structural differences between stems and roots directly contributes to their different functions regarding support and transport?
- The arrangement of vascular bundles in a ring in stems versus a central core in roots. (correct)
- The presence of a cortex in roots but not in stems.
- The presence of root hairs in roots but not in stems.
- The presence of stomata in stems but not in roots.
A scientist discovers a new plant hormone. To determine its transport pathway, they introduce the hormone into the plant. If the hormone is found moving both up and down the plant, which transport tissue(s) is/are likely involved?
A scientist discovers a new plant hormone. To determine its transport pathway, they introduce the hormone into the plant. If the hormone is found moving both up and down the plant, which transport tissue(s) is/are likely involved?
What adaptation of root hair cells enhances their ability to absorb water and minerals from the soil?
What adaptation of root hair cells enhances their ability to absorb water and minerals from the soil?
During periods of high photosynthetic activity, what is the primary substance transported by the phloem, and in what direction does it primarily move?
During periods of high photosynthetic activity, what is the primary substance transported by the phloem, and in what direction does it primarily move?
How does the presence of lignin in xylem cell walls contribute to the overall function of xylem tissue?
How does the presence of lignin in xylem cell walls contribute to the overall function of xylem tissue?
Which of the following characteristics of roots enables them to actively transport minerals against a concentration gradient?
Which of the following characteristics of roots enables them to actively transport minerals against a concentration gradient?
Flashcards
What is Xylem?
What is Xylem?
Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves in plants.
What is Phloem?
What is Phloem?
Transports sugars (like sucrose) from leaves to other plant parts.
What are Root Hairs?
What are Root Hairs?
Water and minerals are absorbed from the soil through these.
What are Hormones (in plants)?
What are Hormones (in plants)?
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What are Lignified cells?
What are Lignified cells?
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What are Sieve Tubes?
What are Sieve Tubes?
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What is a Root Cap?
What is a Root Cap?
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What are Root Hair Cell Adaptations?
What are Root Hair Cell Adaptations?
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Study Notes
- Plants transport water, minerals, sugars, hormones, amino acids, and gases. This is for growth, survival, and reproduction
Water and Minerals
- Absorbed from the soil by root hairs
- Transported through the xylem from the root to the leaves
- Used for processes like photosynthesis, maintaining turgor pressure, and cooling
Sugars
- Produced in the leaves through photosynthesis
- Transported through the phloem to other plant parts
- Provide energy and building blocks for growth
Hormones
- Originate from various plant parts
- Transported through the xylem, phloem, or by diffusion
- Responsible for growth, development, and responses to the environment
Amino Acids and Other Organic Compounds
- Transported through the phloem
- Utilized for both growth and repair
Gases
- Transported within leaf and stem tissues
- Used for cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Dicotyledonous Plant Stem
- Xylem is located on the inner side (transports water and minerals)
- Phloem is located on the outer side (transports sugars and organic compounds)
- Cambium is responsible for secondary growth
Dicotyledonous Plant Root
- Xylem forms a central core
- Phloem is positioned between the xylem arms
- Pericycle initiates lateral roots
- Endodermis regulates water and nutrient uptake
- Cortex contains parenchyma cells for storage
Stem vs Root
- Stems have vascular bundles arranged in a ring and cambium for secondary growth
- Roots have xylem and phloem in a central core, with cambium developing during secondary growth
Xylem
- Composed of lignified cells including vessels, tracheids, fibers, and parenchyma
- Transports water and minerals
- Provides structural support
Phloem
- Consists of living cells such as sieve tubes and companion cells
- Transports organic nutrients like sucrose
Root Adaptation
- Root hair cells have projections to maximize water absorption
- Root hair cells have thin walls for diffusion
- Extensive branching increases the surface area for absorption
Plant roots
- Actively transport minerals
- Have permeable membranes
- Feature a root cap for protection
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Description
Explore how plants transport essential substances like water, minerals, sugars, and hormones. Understand the functions of xylem and phloem in growth, survival, and reproduction. Investigate transport mechanisms in dicotyledonous plant stems.
