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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes?
What is the primary function of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes?
Which specialized animal cell is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?
Which specialized animal cell is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?
What modification is found on the basal surface of the cell?
What modification is found on the basal surface of the cell?
Pancreatic cells have a well-developed golgi apparatus primarily for what reason?
Pancreatic cells have a well-developed golgi apparatus primarily for what reason?
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What role do guard cells play in plant physiology?
What role do guard cells play in plant physiology?
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What is the primary function of apical meristems in plants?
What is the primary function of apical meristems in plants?
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Which type of tissue is considered the most abundant in plants?
Which type of tissue is considered the most abundant in plants?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes collenchyma?
Which of the following statements accurately describes collenchyma?
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Which characteristic is associated with meristematic tissues?
Which characteristic is associated with meristematic tissues?
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What is the role of intercalary meristem in plants?
What is the role of intercalary meristem in plants?
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What is the function of the Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) in animal cells?
What is the function of the Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) in animal cells?
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What type of growth is caused by lateral meristems?
What type of growth is caused by lateral meristems?
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Which of the following best describes the characteristics of parenchyma cells?
Which of the following best describes the characteristics of parenchyma cells?
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Study Notes
Plant Tissues
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Plant tissues form plant organs (roots, stems, leaves)
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Meristematic Tissues (temporary): actively dividing cells for growth and development
- Primary growth occurs in specific regions (stem/root tips)
- Cells are spherical/rectangular with thin walls
- Cells differentiate as they mature
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Types:
- Apical Meristems: at root/stem tips; primary growth (lengthening), new leaves/flowers
- Lateral Meristems: in stems; secondary growth (width), new bark
- Intercalary Meristems: between permanent tissues; base of nodes/internodes/leaf bases; growth in length, internodes, branches
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Permanent Tissues: non-dividing cells, derived from meristems
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Simple Permanent Tissues: similar cells, similar origin/structure/function
- Parenchyma: most abundant; packaging, storage, photosynthesis, gas exchange; thin walls, intercellular airspaces, irregular shape
- Collenchyma: support and mechanical strength; thickened cell walls
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Simple Permanent Tissues: similar cells, similar origin/structure/function
Animal Cell Modifications
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Extracellular Matrix (ECM): a compound secreted by cells; plant cell walls differentiate plant cells from animal cells
- Animal ECM is primarily glycoprotein
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Modifications:
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Lateral Modifications: on the sides of cells
- Gap Junctions (Communicating Junctions): closable channels connecting cytoplasm of adjoining cells
- Tight Junctions: act as barriers, regulate water/solute movement between epithelial layers; prevents ECF leakage
- Adhering Junctions: anchor cells laterally
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Basal Modifications: on the base of cells
- Desmosomes/Hemidesmosomes: anchoring junctions; rivet-like links between cytoskeleton and ECM (e.g., basal lamina); primarily composed of keratin, integrins, and cadherins
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Lateral Modifications: on the sides of cells
Specialized Cells
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Animal Specialized Cells:
- Red Blood Cells: oxygen transport
- Pancreatic Cells: protein export; well-developed Golgi, storage vacuoles
- Muscle Cells: human movement
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Plant Specialized Cells:
- Guard Cells: monitor internal conditions; change shape based on conditions
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of plant tissues, including meristematic and permanent tissues. Understand their roles in plant growth and development, as well as the types of meristems and their functions. This quiz is essential for anyone studying plant biology.
