Plant Tissue Types Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus in a cell?

Maintaining the cell's shape through fiber networks

Producing ribosomal subunits (correct)

Controlling cell division through microtubule formation

Producing energy in the form of ATP

Which structure is specifically associated with the synthesis of lipids?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (correct)

Lysosomes

Golgi Apparatus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER?

Rough ER detoxifies drugs, while smooth ER does not

Rough ER has ribosomes attached, while smooth ER does not (correct)

Smooth ER plays a role in ribosome production

They both synthesize the same types of proteins

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Packaging and distribution of molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes lysosomes?

Digestive compartments with enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in the cell?

Energy conversion and ATP generation Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape?

Intermediate filaments Signup and view all the answers

How do microtubules behave in a cell?

They rapidly assemble and disassemble as needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cork cambium?

To give rise to parenchyma inside and cork outside Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type is responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about heartwood?

It gradually loses the ability to conduct water Signup and view all the answers

What role does dermal tissue play in plant structure?

Protecting and insulating plant surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the stomata in plant leaves?

To facilitate gas exchange with the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the role of roots in a plant?

Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during interkinesis?

A rest period occurs but DNA replication does not. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis 2 involves the alignment of dyads at the spindle equator?

Metaphase 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary distinction between taproots and fibrous roots?

Taproots have a central large root, whereas fibrous roots have many smaller, similar-sized roots. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes phloem's function in plant biology?

Transferring sugars and organic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Down Syndrome?

Inheritance of three copies of chromosome 21. Signup and view all the answers

What genetic disorder is characterized by having three X chromosomes?

Triplo-X Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from a missing or incomplete X chromosome?

Turner Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chromosomes during Anaphase 2?

Sister chromatids begin to separate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

It reduces the chromosome number by half. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during anaphase in cell division?

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the division of the cytoplasm in animal cells?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

To allow cells to enter apoptosis if DNA is damaged. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes benign tumors?

They are non-cancerous and generally do not spread. Signup and view all the answers

What feature do cancer cells exhibit regarding cell division?

They continue dividing regardless of surrounding conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cancer cells concerning the telomeres?

Cancer cells maintain stable telomere length. Signup and view all the answers

What event occurs during telophase?

Nuclear envelope and nucleolus form at each pole. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division ensures that every body cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of leaf venation is characterized by veins branching into an elaborate network?

Reticulate Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mesophyll consists of loosely arranged parenchyma cells?

Spongy Mesophyll Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the opening and closing of the stomata in leaves?

Guard Cells Signup and view all the answers

Which modification of leaves is specifically used to store food?

Bulbs Signup and view all the answers

In dicots, where are the stomata typically found in greater abundance?

Lower surface Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method of pollination that does not rely on attracting pollinators?

Abiotic Pollination Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leaf arrangement features leaves attached in clusters of three or more?

Whorled Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cork Cambium

Produces parenchyma cells on the inside and cork cells on the outside
Cork: densely packed, waxy cells that form water-proof and insulating layers on mature stems and roots
Cork cells are dead at maturity

Heartwood

Innermost layer of a tree trunk, darker in color
Loses its ability to conduct water
Accumulates dark-colored chemicals

Sapwood

Outer portion of a tree trunk, lighter in color
Transports water and dissolved minerals

Ground Tissue

Fills spaces between specialized cell types
Found in roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds
Functions: photosynthesis, respiration, and storage

Dermal Tissue

Protective outer layer covering herbaceous plants
Epidermis: single layer of flat, transparent parenchyma cells
Woody plants have tough bark
Cuticle: waxy layer coating the epidermis of leaves and stems; conserves water and protects from the environment
Stomata: pores on leaves and stems that facilitate gas exchange with the atmosphere
Guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata

Vascular Tissue

Xylem: transports water and dissolved minerals
Phloem: transports dissolved organic compounds (mainly sugar)
Vascular bundles: strands of tissue containing xylem and phloem; may also contain collenchyma or sclerenchyma fibers

Roots

Plant organ that anchors vascular plants in the soil
Responsible for absorbing minerals and water
Stores carbohydrates and other reserves

Functions of Roots

Anchorage
Storage of food and materials
Absorption and conduction of water and nutrients
Growth
Symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Production of gibberellins (hormones that stimulate stem growth)

Types of Roots

Taproot: large primary root with smaller lateral roots
Fibrous Root: primary root dies, creating many small roots

Leaf Venation

Reticulate: veins branch and re-branch into a network (Dicots)
Parallel: veins run side by side along the length of the leaf (Monocots)

Leaf Anatomy

Epidermis: outer layer, protects the leaf
Cuticle: waxy layer that prevents water loss
Stomata: pores in the epidermis for gas exchange
Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata
Vascular tissue: veins that provide support and transport substances
Xylem: transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
Phloem: transports sugar throughout the plant
Ground Tissue: mesophyll, responsible for photosynthesis

Comparing Monocot and Dicot Leaves: Mesophyll Cells

Palisade Mesophyll: elongated parenchyma cells on the upper side of the leaf (one or more layers)
Spongy Mesophyll: loosely arranged parenchyma cells below the palisade mesophyll

Comparing Monocot and Dicot Leaves: Arrangement of Stomata

Monocot: stomata are present on both surfaces of the leaf
Dicot: stomata are more abundant on the lower surface of the leaf

Leaf Modifications

Tendrils and Hooks: modified leaves for attaching to supports
Spines: modified leaves protecting the stems from herbivores
Bulbs: short, flattened stems encased in thickened, modified leaves for food storage
Bracts: leaves that look like petals, attracting pollinators
Plantlets: tiny, identical plants that can fall to the ground and take root (asexual reproduction)
Carnivorous plants: leaves modified to capture, digest, and absorb nutrients from prey

Economic Importance of Leaves

Food
Medicine
Industry
Dyes
Fibers

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Description

This quiz covers the various types of plant tissues, including cork cambium, heartwood, sapwood, ground tissue, and dermal tissue. You'll explore their structures, functions, and the roles they play in plant life. Test your knowledge of how these tissues contribute to the overall health and growth of plants.