Plant Tissue Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of meristematic tissue in plants?

  • To transport nutrients and water
  • To continuously form new cells (correct)
  • To provide structural support
  • To store energy

Where are apical meristems located?

  • At the base of the roots
  • Along the sides of the stems
  • At the tips of stems and roots (correct)
  • In the vascular cambium

What is the characteristic of meristematic cells regarding their arrangement?

  • They have thick cell walls
  • They are loosely arranged with large intercellular spaces
  • They are compactly arranged with no intercellular space (correct)
  • They contain multiple nuclei in each cell

Which type of meristematic tissue is responsible for secondary growth in plants?

<p>Lateral meristems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of meristematic tissue?

<p>Cells have thick cellulose walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intercalary meristems in plants?

<p>To facilitate growth at the nodes and leaf bases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Meristematic cells contain few vacuoles or none at all. What is the significance of this characteristic?

<p>It aids in faster cellular division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary growth of a plant is mainly attributed to which type of meristem?

<p>Apical meristems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of permanent tissue in plants?

<p>Simple and Complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is true of parenchyma cells?

<p>They have living protoplasm and intercellular spaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary function does parenchyma serve in the plant?

<p>Storage and assimilation of food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of simple permanent tissue?

<p>Xylem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do complex permanent tissues differ from simple permanent tissues?

<p>Complex tissues consist of multiple cell types coordinating for a function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sclerenchyma is correct?

<p>It provides mechanical support due to its thick cell walls. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is parenchyma tissue commonly found in plants?

<p>In various soft parts like stems, roots, and fruits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does parenchyma play in herbaceous plants?

<p>It serves as food storage and provides support. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinct characteristic of collenchyma cells compared to parenchyma cells?

<p>Collenchyma cells have extra cellulose at the corners. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about sclerenchyma cells?

<p>Sclerenchyma cells have thickened lignified walls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of dicotyledon plants would you typically find collenchyma cells?

<p>Below the epidermis of stems and petioles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does collenchyma play in a plant?

<p>Provides mechanical support and elasticity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common occurrence of sclerenchyma in plant tissues?

<p>It is found in patches or definite layers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the cellular structure of sclerenchyma?

<p>Sclerenchyma cells are closely packed with nearly absent lumen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant functions are primarily served by sclerenchyma?

<p>Mechanical support and protection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the functions of xylem and phloem primarily differ?

<p>Xylem conducts water; phloem conducts sugars. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important type of cell in the xylem?

<p>Vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is NOT alive in the xylem?

<p>Vessels (A), Tracheids (C), Xylem sclerenchyma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phloem in plants?

<p>Transport photosynthesized food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the epidermis?

<p>It is covered with a cuticle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells lack a mechanical function in the phloem?

<p>Companion cells (A), Sieve tubes (C), Phloem parenchyma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant features a thicker cuticle?

<p>Xerophytic plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property do all xylem elements share?

<p>They have lignified walls. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in phloem are responsible for supporting sieve tubes?

<p>Companion cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Meristematic tissue

Plant tissue responsible for continuous cell division, increasing plant length and girth.

Apical meristems

Growth tissue at tips of roots and stems responsible for primary growth (height increase).

Lateral meristems

Growth tissue beneath the bark and in vascular bundles, responsible for secondary growth (thickness).

Intercalary meristems

Growth tissue at nodes (bases of leaves) causing increased length, especially in monocots (grasses).

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Primary growth

Increase in length of plant due to apical meristem activity.

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Secondary growth

Increase in thickness (girth) of plant due to lateral meristem activity.

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Characteristics of meristematic cells

Similar shape, thin walls, dense cytoplasm, large nucleus, and few or no vacuoles.

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Plant tissue types

Meristematic (growth), permanent (simple & complex), & protective (epidermis & cork) tissues.

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Simple Permanent Tissue

Tissue composed of structurally and functionally similar cells.

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Parenchyma

A type of simple permanent tissue; living cells with thin walls, often storing food.

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Collenchyma

A type of simple permanent tissue; living cells with unevenly thickened walls, providing support.

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Sclerenchyma

A type of simple permanent tissue; dead cells with thick, rigid walls, providing strong support.

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Complex Permanent Tissue

Tissue composed of several different types of cells that work together for a common function.

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Xylem

A type of complex permanent tissue that transports water and minerals.

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Phloem

A type of complex permanent tissue that transports food.

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Vascular Bundle

A system that combines both xylem and phloem for improved efficiency.

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Parenchyma cells

Metabolically active cells with air spaces for gas exchange, found in many plant tissues.

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Collenchyma tissue

Living cells with thickened corners providing support and flexibility, often found beneath the epidermis.

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What's special about collenchyma cells?

They are elongated, have few chloroplasts, and lack intercellular spaces.

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Sclerenchyma cells

Dead cells with thickened lignin-filled walls, providing strength and rigidity.

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Where is sclerenchyma found?

In abundance in stems, roots, veins of leaves, and hard parts like seed coats and nutshells.

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Xylem function

A vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to all parts of the plant.

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Phloem function

A vascular tissue that transports sugars (food) produced by photosynthesis throughout the plant.

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What makes xylem different?

Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to all parts of the plant.

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Xylem: What's the primary function?

Xylem carries water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to the rest of the plant.

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What are vessels?

Vessels are long, tube-like structures in xylem formed by joined cells. They play a crucial role in water transport.

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Why does xylem provide strength?

Xylem cells have thick, lignified walls, which provide structural support and rigidity to the plant.

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Phloem: What's the key function?

Phloem transports sugars (food) made during photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.

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Epidermis: What's its main role?

Epidermis is the outermost protective layer of a plant, covering leaves, stems and roots.

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Cuticle: What is it and why is it important?

Cuticle is a waxy, waterproof layer on the epidermis that helps prevent water loss from the plant.

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Xerophytes: What's special about their epidermis?

Xerophytes are plants adapted to dry environments. They have a thicker cuticle on their epidermis to minimize water loss.

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Epidermis cells: How are they arranged?

Epidermis cells are flat, elongated, and packed together tightly, with no spaces between them.

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Study Notes

Plant Tissue

  • Plant tissues are categorized into meristematic and permanent tissues
  • Meristematic tissue is responsible for plant growth
  • Apical meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots, promoting primary growth
  • Lateral meristems are located beneath the bark (cork cambium) and in vascular bundles, promoting secondary growth
  • Intercalary meristems are found at the base of leaves or internodes, causing elongation in plant parts like stems of grasses
  • Permanent tissues are developed from meristematic tissue and are categorized as simple and complex tissues
  • Simple permanent tissues have similar cells, categorized into parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma
  • Parenchyma is the most common simple permanent tissue, making up the bulk of plant bodies as packing tissue, storage of food, and assimilation of food
  • Collenchyma is characterized by thickened cell walls at corners, providing mechanical support and flexibility (e.g., in stems and petioles)
  • Sclerenchyma has dead cells with thick lignified walls, offering strength and rigidity (e.g., in stems, nuts, and seed coats)
  • Complex permanent tissues are composed of various cells performing specialized functions. Xylem and phloem are two types
  • Xylem is a vascular tissue, responsible for transporting water and minerals upwards in the plant. Composed of four types of cells: tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibers.
  • Phloem is a vascular tissue responsible for transporting photosynthetically prepared food materials from leaves to storage organs and then to growing regions. Composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers

Protective Tissue

  • Protective tissues include epidermis and cork
  • Epidermis is a single layer of cells covering leaves, stems, and roots. It protects from pathogens, reduces water loss, and helps regulate gas exchange
  • Cork acts as the outer protective layer in older stems and roots. Cork cells contain suberin for waterproofing.

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Plant Tissue PDF

Description

This quiz explores the different types of plant tissues, focusing on meristematic and permanent tissues. It covers key concepts such as apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems, as well as the characteristics of simple (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) and complex permanent tissues. Test your knowledge of plant growth and tissue classification!

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