Plant Structures & Functions Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the above-ground organs of a plant?

Shoot System

What does the root system of a plant consist of?

Roots

What type of plant tissue is specialized for transporting food and water?

Vascular Tissue

What is the primary function of roots?

To absorb water and minerals and provide anchorage and food storage Signup and view all the answers

What function do stems serve in a plant?

Translocate water and minerals, transport food Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of leaves?

Photosynthesis and gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What does transport in plants refer to?

Movement of water, minerals, and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of xylem in plants?

Support and transport water and minerals upwards Signup and view all the answers

What does phloem do?

Transports sugar to all parts of the plant Signup and view all the answers

What are root hairs?

Hairlike outgrowths of a plant root Signup and view all the answers

What are stomata?

Pores for gas exchange and transpiration Signup and view all the answers

What do guard cells do?

Control the opening and closing of stomata Signup and view all the answers

What is transpiration?

Loss of water from a leaf through stomata Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reproduction in plants?

Continuation of plant species by sexual or asexual means Signup and view all the answers

What is fruit in relation to a plant?

The product containing seeds that helps reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What does pollination involve?

Transfer of pollen from anthers to stigma Signup and view all the answers

What are pollen grains?

Sperm cells in plants Signup and view all the answers

What are ova in plants?

Egg cells in plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the stamen?

The male part of the flower Signup and view all the answers

What does the pistil/carpel represent in a flower?

The female part of the flower Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of petals?

Attract insects and pollinators Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sepals?

Protect the developing flower bud Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Structures and Functions

Shoot System: Comprises all above-ground organs, including leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, and fruit, essential for photosynthesis and reproduction.
Root System: Consists of below-ground organs (roots), primarily responsible for water and nutrient absorption, anchoring the plant, and storing food.
Vascular Tissue: Specialized plant tissue responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.

Key Plant Organs

Roots: Absorb water (H2O) and minerals from the soil, provide anchorage for stability, and serve for food storage.
Stems: Duties include translocating water and minerals from the roots to leaves and transporting food produced in leaves to the roots.
Leaves: Major organ for photosynthesis, facilitating food production and gas exchange, also a site for transpiration (water vapor loss).

Transport Mechanisms

Transport: Involves the movement of water, minerals, and nutrients through the plant’s root, stem, and leaf structures.
Xylem: Composed of dead cell layers forming tissue bundles; responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves (upward movement).
Phloem: Living cell tissue that transports sugars produced in leaves to all parts of the plant.

Specialized Structures

Root Hairs: Small, hairlike extensions of plant roots that enhance the absorption of water and minerals.
Stomata: Tiny pores located on leaves and stems facilitating gas exchange and transpiration.
Guard Cells: Regulate the opening and closing of stomata in response to environmental signals like light, heat, and drought.

Water Management

Transpiration: Process of water loss from leaves via stomata; this evaporation creates negative pressure that assists in drawing water upward from roots.

Reproductive Processes

Reproduction: Essential for plant species continuation through sexual (involving pollination) or asexual means.
Fruit: Develops from a flower and contains seeds, aiding in plant reproduction.
Pollination: Transfer of pollen from flower anthers to stigma within the same or a different flower, crucial for fertilization.
Pollen: Represents the sperm cells in plants, necessary for fertilization.
Ova: Represents the egg cells in plants, important for reproductive success.

Floral Structures

Stamen: Male reproductive part of the flower, consists of the anther (pollen producer) and filament.
Pistil/Carpel: Female reproductive part, composed of stigma (pollen receptacle), style (connects stigma to ovary), and ovary (contains ovules).
Petals: Brightly colored parts attracting pollinators, increasing chances of successful pollination.
Sepal: Outermost flower part that protects the developing flower bud before it opens.

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Description

Explore key concepts in plant biology with these flashcards focusing on plant structures and their functions. Each card details essential components, including the shoot and root systems, and the role of vascular tissue. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of plant anatomy.