Questions and Answers
What are the above-ground organs of a plant?
Shoot System
What does the root system of a plant consist of?
Roots
What type of plant tissue is specialized for transporting food and water?
Vascular Tissue
What is the primary function of roots?
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What function do stems serve in a plant?
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What is the main function of leaves?
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What does transport in plants refer to?
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What is the role of xylem in plants?
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What does phloem do?
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What are root hairs?
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What are stomata?
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What do guard cells do?
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What is transpiration?
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What is the role of reproduction in plants?
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What is fruit in relation to a plant?
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What does pollination involve?
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What are pollen grains?
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What are ova in plants?
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What is the stamen?
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What does the pistil/carpel represent in a flower?
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What is the function of petals?
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What is the function of sepals?
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Study Notes
Plant Structures and Functions
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Shoot System: Comprises all above-ground organs, including leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, and fruit, essential for photosynthesis and reproduction.
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Root System: Consists of below-ground organs (roots), primarily responsible for water and nutrient absorption, anchoring the plant, and storing food.
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Vascular Tissue: Specialized plant tissue responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.
Key Plant Organs
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Roots: Absorb water (H2O) and minerals from the soil, provide anchorage for stability, and serve for food storage.
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Stems: Duties include translocating water and minerals from the roots to leaves and transporting food produced in leaves to the roots.
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Leaves: Major organ for photosynthesis, facilitating food production and gas exchange, also a site for transpiration (water vapor loss).
Transport Mechanisms
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Transport: Involves the movement of water, minerals, and nutrients through the plant’s root, stem, and leaf structures.
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Xylem: Composed of dead cell layers forming tissue bundles; responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves (upward movement).
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Phloem: Living cell tissue that transports sugars produced in leaves to all parts of the plant.
Specialized Structures
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Root Hairs: Small, hairlike extensions of plant roots that enhance the absorption of water and minerals.
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Stomata: Tiny pores located on leaves and stems facilitating gas exchange and transpiration.
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Guard Cells: Regulate the opening and closing of stomata in response to environmental signals like light, heat, and drought.
Water Management
- Transpiration: Process of water loss from leaves via stomata; this evaporation creates negative pressure that assists in drawing water upward from roots.
Reproductive Processes
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Reproduction: Essential for plant species continuation through sexual (involving pollination) or asexual means.
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Fruit: Develops from a flower and contains seeds, aiding in plant reproduction.
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Pollination: Transfer of pollen from flower anthers to stigma within the same or a different flower, crucial for fertilization.
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Pollen: Represents the sperm cells in plants, necessary for fertilization.
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Ova: Represents the egg cells in plants, important for reproductive success.
Floral Structures
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Stamen: Male reproductive part of the flower, consists of the anther (pollen producer) and filament.
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Pistil/Carpel: Female reproductive part, composed of stigma (pollen receptacle), style (connects stigma to ovary), and ovary (contains ovules).
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Petals: Brightly colored parts attracting pollinators, increasing chances of successful pollination.
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Sepal: Outermost flower part that protects the developing flower bud before it opens.
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Description
Explore key concepts in plant biology with these flashcards focusing on plant structures and their functions. Each card details essential components, including the shoot and root systems, and the role of vascular tissue. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of plant anatomy.