Plant Structure and Function Quiz

Apical Meristems = Responsible for growth in length of stems, shoots, and roots Lateral Meristems = Responsible for growth in width of stem

Vascular Cambium = Type of cambium responsible for producing secondary xylem and phloem Inter-fascicular Cambium = Type of cambium found between the bundles of xylem and phloem in dicot stems Cork Cambium = Type of cambium responsible for producing the outer bark in woody plants

Monocot = Have strap-shaped leaves Dicot = Leaves are broader than they are long and are irregular in shape

Monocot = Floral parts in multiples of three Dicot = Floral parts in multiples of four or five

Monocot = Vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem Dicot = Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring around the outer region of the stem

Dermal tissue = Acts as a protective outer covering with stomata for gaseous exchange and lenticels in woody plants Ground tissue = Functions in photosynthesis, storage, protection, and support Vascular tissue = Includes xylem and phloem, with xylem transporting water and minerals and providing support through lignin Meristematic tissue = The area of rapid cell division in plants, producing unspecified cells for growth

Root = Functions include anchorage, mineral uptake, food storage, and vegetative propagation Stem = Provides support, transports water and minerals, stores food, and allows vegetative reproduction Leaves = Main functions are photosynthesis, food storage, and excretion of waste products Flowers = Reproductive organs that attract pollinators for sexual reproduction

Xylem vessels = Narrow, heavily lignified, and dead when mature Tracheids = Thickened and contain no cell contents Sieve tube cells = For transport in phloem Companion cells = For sugar pumping and transporting food and hormones to all plant cells

Zone of differentiation = Where the root differentiates into vascular tissue, xylem, and phloem Zone of maturation = Where the root matures Meristematic tissue = The area of rapid cell division in plants, producing unspecified cells for growth Stomata = Located in dermal tissue for gaseous exchange

Parallel veins = Found in monocots Branched veins = Found in dicots Petiole and flattened blade = Characteristics of leaves Photosynthesis and food storage = Main functions of leaves

Embryo = Surrounded by a testa (seed coat) Cotyledons = Seed leaves Radical = Gives rise to a tap root or adventitious fibrous roots Apical meristem = Divides by mitosis and produces root cap

Tap roots = Large and obvious, e.g., carrots and parsnips Adventitious fibrous roots = Arise from the base of the young stem, e.g., grass Adventitious roots = Develop from any part of the plant not derived from the radicle, e.g., Ivy Root hairs = Produce once fully elongated to absorb water and minerals

Zone of elongation = Cells elongate and push the root tip forwards Root cap = Becomes slimy to lubricate the passage of the root through the soil and protect the apical meristem Apical meristem = Divides by mitosis and produces the root cap Root hairs = Produce once fully elongated to absorb water and minerals

Testa = Surrounds the seed embryo Plumule = Part of the embryo Endosperm = May be present in the seed if healthy supply of water, oxygen, and suitable temperature Lateral roots = Form from the branches of the tap root

Healthy supply of water, oxygen, and suitable temperature = Seeds will germinate Unhealthy supply of water, oxygen, and unsuitable temperature = Seeds will not germinate Presence of endosperm = May be present in the seed if healthy supply of water, oxygen, and suitable temperature Presence of multiple cotyledons = Part of the embryo