Plant Structure and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of xylem in vascular plants?

To anchor the plant in the ground

To absorb water and nutrients from the soil

To conduct water and minerals from the roots upwards (correct)

To distribute sugars and amino acids throughout the plant

Which type of leaves is exclusively found in lycophytes?

Compound leaves

Microphylls (correct)

Megaphylls

Simple leaves

What distinguishes angiosperms from gymnosperms in seed development?

Angiosperms do not produce seeds, while gymnosperms do.

Angiosperms have exposed seeds, while gymnosperms have covered seeds.

Angiosperms produce seeds inside ovaries, while gymnosperms do not. (correct)

Angiosperms have a single embryo, whereas gymnosperms have multiple embryos.

Which component strengthens the cell walls of water-conducting cells in vascular plants?

Lignin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of roots in vascular plants?

To anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of guard cells in plants?

To regulate the opening and closing of pores Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cambium is responsible for the production of secondary xylem and phloem?

Vascular cambium Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating seed germination?

Gibberellin Signup and view all the answers

What role do explants play in plant tissue culture?

They are pieces of plants used for growth in PTC Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for leaf development and fruit ripening?

Ethylene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of root hairs in plants?

Increasing surface area for mineral and water absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which components are found in vascular tissue?

Xylem and phloem Signup and view all the answers

What growth type is primarily facilitated by apical meristems?

Primary growth in length Signup and view all the answers

What structure covers the tip of a root?

Root cap Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stomata in leaves?

Facilitating gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant cell provides support in parts that are still growing?

Collenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as a result of apical dominance?

Inhibition of axillary bud growth Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue system provides the outer covering of a plant?

Dermal tissue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Structure and Function

Vascular Tissue: Cells joined into tubes transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant body.
Vascular Plants: Possess a complex vascular tissue system.
Seedless Vascular Plants: Include lycophytes (e.g., club mosses) and monilophytes (e.g., ferns).
Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes): Small, herbaceous (nonwoody) plants like liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.
Xylem: Tube-shaped cells transporting water and minerals upward from roots.
Lignin: Polymer strengthening cell walls of water-conducting cells, enabling taller growth.
Phloem: Transports sugars, amino acids, and other organic products.
Roots: Absorb water and nutrients from soil, anchoring vascular plants.
Microphylls: Small, spine-shaped leaves in lycophytes, supported by a single vascular strand.
Megaphylls: Leaves with a highly branched vascular system.
Leaves: Primary photosynthetic organs of vascular plants.

Plant Reproduction

Seed: Contains an embryo, food supply, and protective coat.
Gymnosperms: Seeds not protected inside ovaries.
Angiosperms: Seeds develop and are protected inside ovaries.

Plant Morphology

Stamen: Produces pollen grains (male gametophytes).
Anther: Produces pollen.
Filament: Supports the anther.
Carpel: Makes ovules, containing female gametophytes.
Stigma: Collects pollen.
Style: Contains pollen tube.
Ovary: Contains ovules.
Roots (Taproot vs. Fibrous): Dicots have a main root (taproot), monocots have many thin roots (fibrous).
Adventitious Roots: Roots growing from above-ground parts.
Root Hairs: Increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals.
Stems (Nodes and Internodes): Nodes are where leaves attach; internodes are in between.
Apical Bud: Located at shoot tip, most growth occurs here.
Axillary Buds: Can form vegetative branches.
Leaves (Blade, Petiole): Blades are the flat surface; petiole joins leaf to node.
Tissue Systems (Dermal, Ground, Vascular): Dermal is outer protection; ground is storage and support; vascular conducts materials.

Plant Growth and Development

Apical Meristems: Enable primary growth (lengthening) in plants.
Secondary Growth: Increased thickness due to lateral meristems.
Vascular Cambium: Adds layers of secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.
Cork Cambium: Replaces epidermis with periderm.
Root Cap: Covers the root tip, protecting it during growth.

Asexual Plant Propagation

Plant Tissue Culture (PTC): Growing identical clones.
Meristematic Tissue: Used in PTC; responsible for growth.
Explants: Plant pieces used to initiate PTC.
Hormones (Auxin, Cytokinin, Ethylene, ABA, Gibberellin, Phytochrome): Regulate growth, development, and flowering.

Internal Structure of Leaves and Roots

Stomata: Pores on leaves for gas exchange (CO2 and O2).
Guard Cells: Control the opening/closing of stomata.
Mesophyll: Ground tissue of leaves, site of photosynthesis.
Secondary Vascular Cambium: Adds layers to stems and roots.
Cork Cambium: Produces waxy layer for protection.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various structures and functions of vascular and nonvascular plants. This quiz covers topics like vascular tissue, roots, and different types of leaves. Perfect for students studying plant biology or botany.