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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of non-vascular plants?
What is a characteristic of non-vascular plants?
- Have vascular tissue
- Lack roots, stems, and leaves (correct)
- Reproduce through seeds
- Water is absorbed through roots
Which of the following terms describes the group that includes conifers and flowering plants?
Which of the following terms describes the group that includes conifers and flowering plants?
- Gymnosperms (correct)
- Bryophytes
- Hornwort
- Liverwort
What is the main mode of water absorption in non-vascular plants?
What is the main mode of water absorption in non-vascular plants?
- By direct absorption into the leaves
- Via osmosis from cell to cell (correct)
- Through roots
- From water under the soil
Which type of plants rely on water for reproduction and do not have flowers?
Which type of plants rely on water for reproduction and do not have flowers?
In which group of plants do seeds remain exposed or 'naked' rather than enclosed in an ovule?
In which group of plants do seeds remain exposed or 'naked' rather than enclosed in an ovule?
What kind of plants have special cells for transport of water and nutrients running continuously through roots, stems, and leaves?
What kind of plants have special cells for transport of water and nutrients running continuously through roots, stems, and leaves?
What is the function of the epidermis in plants?
What is the function of the epidermis in plants?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the dermal tissue system in woody plants?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the dermal tissue system in woody plants?
What is the primary function of xylem in plants?
What is the primary function of xylem in plants?
What is the main difference between tracheids and vessel elements in xylem?
What is the main difference between tracheids and vessel elements in xylem?
What is the purpose of the waxy cuticle on the epidermis of non-woody plants?
What is the purpose of the waxy cuticle on the epidermis of non-woody plants?
Which cell type allows for lateral migration of water between neighboring cells in xylem?
Which cell type allows for lateral migration of water between neighboring cells in xylem?
What is the purpose of the perforation plates in the end walls of vessel elements?
What is the purpose of the perforation plates in the end walls of vessel elements?
How are tracheids and vessel elements hardened to prevent collapse?
How are tracheids and vessel elements hardened to prevent collapse?
Which process is responsible for the upward movement of water in plants?
Which process is responsible for the upward movement of water in plants?
What is the main role of sieve-tube elements in the phloem system?
What is the main role of sieve-tube elements in the phloem system?
Which type of ground tissue is specialized for support?
Which type of ground tissue is specialized for support?
What is the main function of companion cells in the phloem system?
What is the main function of companion cells in the phloem system?
What type of pollination is most common in pine cones?
What type of pollination is most common in pine cones?
Which type of plant has a taproot system?
Which type of plant has a taproot system?
What is the innermost layer of cells in the root cortex known as?
What is the innermost layer of cells in the root cortex known as?
Which type of plant has xylem and phloem arranged in a ring in the stem?
Which type of plant has xylem and phloem arranged in a ring in the stem?
What is the embryonic structure at the junction of a stem and petiole called?
What is the embryonic structure at the junction of a stem and petiole called?
In which system do leaves rely on sugar produced by photosynthesis in the shoot system?
In which system do leaves rely on sugar produced by photosynthesis in the shoot system?
What differentiates the venation pattern of most monocot leaves from eudicot leaves?
What differentiates the venation pattern of most monocot leaves from eudicot leaves?
'Cytosol' is continuously connected between cells through what structure?
'Cytosol' is continuously connected between cells through what structure?
'Pith' is present in the cross-section of stems of which type of plant?
'Pith' is present in the cross-section of stems of which type of plant?
What structure forces polar molecules to take the symplastic route in roots?
What structure forces polar molecules to take the symplastic route in roots?
What is the main function of sclerenchyma cells in a plant?
What is the main function of sclerenchyma cells in a plant?
Where are apical meristems mainly located in plants?
Where are apical meristems mainly located in plants?
What is the primary function of collenchyma cells in plants?
What is the primary function of collenchyma cells in plants?
What is the role of the cork cambium in plants?
What is the role of the cork cambium in plants?
Which type of plant has flowers with petals in multiples of 3?
Which type of plant has flowers with petals in multiples of 3?
What distinguishes sclereids from fibers in sclerenchyma cells?
What distinguishes sclereids from fibers in sclerenchyma cells?
What is the primary growth process primarily controlled by apical meristems called?
What is the primary growth process primarily controlled by apical meristems called?
What is the main difference between eudicot and monocot seeds?
What is the main difference between eudicot and monocot seeds?
What is the main function of vascular cambium in secondary growth?
What is the main function of vascular cambium in secondary growth?
What is an important feature of lenticels present in the periderm?
What is an important feature of lenticels present in the periderm?
What is the substance that makes up the rubbery matrix in cartilage?
What is the substance that makes up the rubbery matrix in cartilage?
Which cells are responsible for secreting collagen and chondroitin sulphate in the cartilage matrix?
Which cells are responsible for secreting collagen and chondroitin sulphate in the cartilage matrix?
Where is cartilage NOT found in humans?
Where is cartilage NOT found in humans?
What gives cartilage its strong yet somewhat flexible support material characteristics?
What gives cartilage its strong yet somewhat flexible support material characteristics?
Which cells produce the chondrocytes and extracellular matrix of cartilage?
Which cells produce the chondrocytes and extracellular matrix of cartilage?
Why do multicellular organisms with a sac body plan have body walls that are only two cell layers thick?
Why do multicellular organisms with a sac body plan have body walls that are only two cell layers thick?
How do small cells maintain a high surface area to volume ratio?
How do small cells maintain a high surface area to volume ratio?
What is the significance of having highly folded internal surfaces in complex animals?
What is the significance of having highly folded internal surfaces in complex animals?
Why does cell division play a crucial role in maintaining efficient material exchange in larger organisms?
Why does cell division play a crucial role in maintaining efficient material exchange in larger organisms?
What factor determines the rate of material exchange in and out of a cell?
What factor determines the rate of material exchange in and out of a cell?
Why are internal exchange surfaces of complex animals highly folded?
Why are internal exchange surfaces of complex animals highly folded?
Why do organisms commonly use negative feedback loops to control body homeostasis?
Why do organisms commonly use negative feedback loops to control body homeostasis?
Which process does positive feedback typically contribute to in animals?
Which process does positive feedback typically contribute to in animals?
What is the primary role of negative feedback loops in regulating body temperature?
What is the primary role of negative feedback loops in regulating body temperature?
In the context of homeostasis, what is the purpose of a negative feedback loop?
In the context of homeostasis, what is the purpose of a negative feedback loop?
How do positive feedback loops differ from negative feedback loops in terms of their effect on trends?
How do positive feedback loops differ from negative feedback loops in terms of their effect on trends?
Why does positive feedback not usually contribute to homeostasis in animals?
Why does positive feedback not usually contribute to homeostasis in animals?
Why do skeletal muscles atrophy in a sedentary person but not smooth muscles?
Why do skeletal muscles atrophy in a sedentary person but not smooth muscles?
How does a negative feedback loop differ from a positive feedback loop in terms of maintaining body homeostasis?
How does a negative feedback loop differ from a positive feedback loop in terms of maintaining body homeostasis?
In what way is diabetes a good example of a failure of a set point in humans?
In what way is diabetes a good example of a failure of a set point in humans?
What happens to blood glucose levels in diabetes due to the lack of insulin production?
What happens to blood glucose levels in diabetes due to the lack of insulin production?
What is the primary reason for the different treatment of skeletal and smooth muscles in sedentary individuals?
What is the primary reason for the different treatment of skeletal and smooth muscles in sedentary individuals?
Why is it essential for blood glucose levels to return to normal after a meal?
Why is it essential for blood glucose levels to return to normal after a meal?
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary body activities?
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary body activities?
What are cell fragments in blood called?
What are cell fragments in blood called?
Which type of tissue helps maintain a 'steady state' regardless of external changes?
Which type of tissue helps maintain a 'steady state' regardless of external changes?
What is the function of glial cells in nervous tissue?
What is the function of glial cells in nervous tissue?
Where are intercalated discs mainly found in the body?
Where are intercalated discs mainly found in the body?
Which type of cells carry electrical signals away from the neuronal cell body?
Which type of cells carry electrical signals away from the neuronal cell body?
What is the matrix of blood called?
What is the matrix of blood called?
Cells exceeding a certain size struggle to get adequate nutrients and expel waste.
Cells exceeding a certain size struggle to get adequate nutrients and expel waste.
Cells can adhere tightly to each other in a liquid medium to compensate for inadequate nutrient exchange.
Cells can adhere tightly to each other in a liquid medium to compensate for inadequate nutrient exchange.
Organelles are the functional grouping of tissues within an organism.
Organelles are the functional grouping of tissues within an organism.
Adipose tissue is a type of dense connective tissue that stores fat for insulation and fuel.
Adipose tissue is a type of dense connective tissue that stores fat for insulation and fuel.
Interstitial fluid is the body fluid found in blood vessels.
Interstitial fluid is the body fluid found in blood vessels.
Epithelial tissue consists of loosely packed cells that cover the outside of the body.
Epithelial tissue consists of loosely packed cells that cover the outside of the body.
Osteoblasts deposit a matrix of collagen in bones, which then combines with calcium and phosphate ions to form hydroxyapatite.
Osteoblasts deposit a matrix of collagen in bones, which then combines with calcium and phosphate ions to form hydroxyapatite.
Osteoclasts release an acid to dissolve collagen and mineral coating in bones to lower calcium levels in blood.
Osteoclasts release an acid to dissolve collagen and mineral coating in bones to lower calcium levels in blood.
Molecules are the smallest particles in a chemical compound that lack the chemical properties of that compound.
Molecules are the smallest particles in a chemical compound that lack the chemical properties of that compound.
The microscopic structure of hard mammalian bones consists of repeating units called lamellae.
The microscopic structure of hard mammalian bones consists of repeating units called lamellae.
Fibrous connective tissue is found in ligaments, which attach muscles to bones.
Fibrous connective tissue is found in ligaments, which attach muscles to bones.
Cartilage is a weak and inflexible support material in the body.
Cartilage is a weak and inflexible support material in the body.
Chondroblasts are responsible for secreting collagen and chondroitin sulphate in the cartilage matrix.
Chondroblasts are responsible for secreting collagen and chondroitin sulphate in the cartilage matrix.
Cartilage is not found in the nose, ears, or intervertebral discs of humans.
Cartilage is not found in the nose, ears, or intervertebral discs of humans.
Chondrocytes are embedded in the matrix and maintain it by secreting elastin and glycosaminoglycan.
Chondrocytes are embedded in the matrix and maintain it by secreting elastin and glycosaminoglycan.
The composite of collagenous fibers and keratin makes cartilage a strong but rigid support material.
The composite of collagenous fibers and keratin makes cartilage a strong but rigid support material.
Chondroblasts produce chondrocytes but not the extracellular matrix of cartilage.
Chondroblasts produce chondrocytes but not the extracellular matrix of cartilage.
Smooth muscle mainly lines external organs such as the digestive tract and urinary tract.
Smooth muscle mainly lines external organs such as the digestive tract and urinary tract.
Skeletal muscle helps in pushing venous blood in one direction.
Skeletal muscle helps in pushing venous blood in one direction.
Cardiac muscle is under voluntary control.
Cardiac muscle is under voluntary control.
Nervous tissue contains only neurons and no glial cells.
Nervous tissue contains only neurons and no glial cells.
Most neurons have dendrites that carry signals away from the cell body.
Most neurons have dendrites that carry signals away from the cell body.
Negative feedback loops maintain internal balance despite changes in the external environment.
Negative feedback loops maintain internal balance despite changes in the external environment.
Positive feedback loops are common in regulating body temperature.
Positive feedback loops are common in regulating body temperature.
Homeostasis refers to a state of internal balance regardless of external variations.
Homeostasis refers to a state of internal balance regardless of external variations.
Blood glucose levels must remain abnormal after a meal.
Blood glucose levels must remain abnormal after a meal.
Positive feedback loops are commonly used by organisms to maintain a steady state.
Positive feedback loops are commonly used by organisms to maintain a steady state.
Positive feedback loops are commonly used by organisms to maintain homeostasis.
Positive feedback loops are commonly used by organisms to maintain homeostasis.
Smooth muscles in a sedentary person are more likely to atrophy compared to skeletal muscles.
Smooth muscles in a sedentary person are more likely to atrophy compared to skeletal muscles.
Negative feedback loops help control variables like body temperature, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels in humans.
Negative feedback loops help control variables like body temperature, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels in humans.
Positive feedback during childbirth brings the process closer to maintaining a steady state.
Positive feedback during childbirth brings the process closer to maintaining a steady state.
Positive feedback loops contribute to homeostasis by reversing trends in variable levels.
Positive feedback loops contribute to homeostasis by reversing trends in variable levels.
Smooth muscles in humans are not affected by a sedentary lifestyle because they do not undergo atrophy.
Smooth muscles in humans are not affected by a sedentary lifestyle because they do not undergo atrophy.
According to Fick's law, the diffusion rate is directly correlated to the ____________ area.
According to Fick's law, the diffusion rate is directly correlated to the ____________ area.
Chondroblasts produce the ______ and extracellular matrix of the cartilage.
Chondroblasts produce the ______ and extracellular matrix of the cartilage.
Chondrocytes are embedded in the matrix, maintaining it by secreting collagen and ______ sulphate.
Chondrocytes are embedded in the matrix, maintaining it by secreting collagen and ______ sulphate.
Diffusion is effective over a very short ____________.
Diffusion is effective over a very short ____________.
Mammalian small intestine main function is to absorb nutrients from digested food, nutrients diffuse from the lumen of the intestine to the ____________ stream.
Mammalian small intestine main function is to absorb nutrients from digested food, nutrients diffuse from the lumen of the intestine to the ____________ stream.
The composite of collagenous fibres and ______ sulphate makes cartilage a strong yet somewhat flexible support material.
The composite of collagenous fibres and ______ sulphate makes cartilage a strong yet somewhat flexible support material.
Cartilage has an abundance of collagenous fibres embedded in a rubbery matrix made of a substance called ______ sulphate.
Cartilage has an abundance of collagenous fibres embedded in a rubbery matrix made of a substance called ______ sulphate.
Why increasing small intestine surface area is important for mammals? Make predictions about the absorption of nutrients in the absence of ____________.
Why increasing small intestine surface area is important for mammals? Make predictions about the absorption of nutrients in the absence of ____________.
In humans, Cartilage is found in the nose, ears, intervertebral discs, articulations, and part of the ______ cage.
In humans, Cartilage is found in the nose, ears, intervertebral discs, articulations, and part of the ______ cage.
How does diffusion limit the size of an organism? How is this ____________?
How does diffusion limit the size of an organism? How is this ____________?
According to Fick's law, the increase in the surface area leads to a higher diffusion rate, allowing for higher absorption of ____________.
According to Fick's law, the increase in the surface area leads to a higher diffusion rate, allowing for higher absorption of ____________.
The shape of epithelial cells may be ______ (like dice), columnar (like bricks on end), or squamous (like floor tiles)
The shape of epithelial cells may be ______ (like dice), columnar (like bricks on end), or squamous (like floor tiles)
Connective tissue mainly binds and supports other tissues. It contains cells that are loosely arranged in a liquid, jellylike or solid ______
Connective tissue mainly binds and supports other tissues. It contains cells that are loosely arranged in a liquid, jellylike or solid ______
In vertebrates, there are five major types of connective tissue: 1. Loose connective tissue - Adipose tissue 2. Fibrous connective tissue 3. Bone 4. Cartilage 5. ______
In vertebrates, there are five major types of connective tissue: 1. Loose connective tissue - Adipose tissue 2. Fibrous connective tissue 3. Bone 4. Cartilage 5. ______
The cells in pseudo-stratified epithelia become so crowded that the nuclei become displaced and form several rows in the epithelium, making it appear to be ______
The cells in pseudo-stratified epithelia become so crowded that the nuclei become displaced and form several rows in the epithelium, making it appear to be ______
Adipose tissue is a type of dense connective tissue that stores fat for ______ and fuel
Adipose tissue is a type of dense connective tissue that stores fat for ______ and fuel
Smooth muscle mainly lines many of the hollow internal structures of the human systems and bronchioles of the ______ system
Smooth muscle mainly lines many of the hollow internal structures of the human systems and bronchioles of the ______ system
Blood tissue is composed of blood cells and cell fragments in blood ______
Blood tissue is composed of blood cells and cell fragments in blood ______
Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary body ______
Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary body ______
Smooth muscle mainly lines internal organs and is responsible for involuntary body ______
Smooth muscle mainly lines internal organs and is responsible for involuntary body ______
Cardiac muscle is responsible for heart contraction to help pump blood throughout the body under ______ control
Cardiac muscle is responsible for heart contraction to help pump blood throughout the body under ______ control
Nervous tissue senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals throughout the ______
Nervous tissue senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals throughout the ______
Most neurons have two distinct types of projections from the cell body: short, branching dendrites, and long ______
Most neurons have two distinct types of projections from the cell body: short, branching dendrites, and long ______
Negative feedback loops maintain internal balance regardless of changes in the ______ environment
Negative feedback loops maintain internal balance regardless of changes in the ______ environment
Pseudostratified epithelium consists of a single layer of cells but looks like multiple layers due to its ______ arrangement
Pseudostratified epithelium consists of a single layer of cells but looks like multiple layers due to its ______ arrangement
Nervous tissue contains neurons that transmit nerve impulses and ______ cells that help nourish neurons
Nervous tissue contains neurons that transmit nerve impulses and ______ cells that help nourish neurons
Blood is composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and cell fragments called ______
Blood is composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and cell fragments called ______
Organisms commonly use ______ feedback loops to homeostatically regulate some variables.
Organisms commonly use ______ feedback loops to homeostatically regulate some variables.
Positive feedback loops occur in animals, but do not usually contribute to homeostasis. Instead, positive feedback escalates a ______!
Positive feedback loops occur in animals, but do not usually contribute to homeostasis. Instead, positive feedback escalates a ______!
During childbirth, the pressure of the baby’s head against sensors near the opening of the uterus stimulates uterine contractions. These cause greater pressure against the uterine opening, heightening the contractions, which cause still greater pressure. Positive feedback brings childbirth different sort process from maintaining a steady ______.
During childbirth, the pressure of the baby’s head against sensors near the opening of the uterus stimulates uterine contractions. These cause greater pressure against the uterine opening, heightening the contractions, which cause still greater pressure. Positive feedback brings childbirth different sort process from maintaining a steady ______.
When a person leads a sedentary life his skeletal muscles ______, but his smooth muscles do not. Why?
When a person leads a sedentary life his skeletal muscles ______, but his smooth muscles do not. Why?
How is a condition such as diabetes a good example of the failure of a set point in humans? Diabetes shows the failure of the body to maintain normal blood ______ levels.
How is a condition such as diabetes a good example of the failure of a set point in humans? Diabetes shows the failure of the body to maintain normal blood ______ levels.
Why are ______ feedback loops used to control body homeostasis?
Why are ______ feedback loops used to control body homeostasis?
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