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Questions and Answers
Taproots are multiple, thin roots that spread out.
Taproots are multiple, thin roots that spread out.
False
Stems are responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil.
Stems are responsible for absorbing water and minerals from the soil.
False
Leaves are responsible for storing food and nutrients.
Leaves are responsible for storing food and nutrients.
False
The petiole is the flat part of the leaf.
The petiole is the flat part of the leaf.
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Sepals are the colorful parts of a flower that attract pollinators.
Sepals are the colorful parts of a flower that attract pollinators.
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The stamen is the female reproductive organ of a flower.
The stamen is the female reproductive organ of a flower.
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Study Notes
Roots
- Underground plant organs that absorb water and minerals from the soil
- Types of roots:
- Taproot: single, large root that grows straight down (e.g. carrot)
- Fibrous root: multiple, thin roots that spread out (e.g. grass)
- Functions:
- Anchorage: hold the plant in place
- Absorption: absorb water and minerals
- Storage: store food and nutrients
Stems
- Above-ground plant organs that support leaves, flowers, and fruits
- Functions:
- Support: hold up leaves, flowers, and fruits
- Transport: transport water, minerals, and sugars between roots and leaves
- Storage: store food and nutrients
- Types of stems:
- Herbaceous: non-woody, soft stems (e.g. tomato)
- Woody: hard, lignified stems (e.g. tree trunk)
Leaves
- Flat, green organs that carry out photosynthesis
- Structures:
- Blade: flat part of the leaf
- Petiole: stalk that attaches leaf to stem
- Veins: transport water, minerals, and sugars
- Functions:
- Photosynthesis: convert light energy into chemical energy
- Respiration: release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide
- Transpiration: release water vapor into the air
Flowers
- Reproductive structures that produce seeds and fruits
- Structures:
- Petals: colorful parts that attract pollinators
- Sepals: green, leaf-like parts that protect the bud
- Stamen: male reproductive organs (filaments and anthers)
- Carpels: female reproductive organs (stigma, style, and ovary)
- Functions:
- Attract pollinators (e.g. bees, butterflies)
- Produce seeds and fruits
Fruits
- Mature ovary of a flower, containing seeds
- Functions:
- Protect and nourish seeds
- Disperse seeds away from parent plant
- Types of fruits:
- Simple fruits (e.g. banana, tomato)
- Aggregate fruits (e.g. raspberry, strawberry)
- Composite fruits (e.g. pineapple, fig)
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Description
Test your knowledge of plant anatomy, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Learn about their structures, functions, and types.
