Plant Reproductive Growth Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?

  • Fertilization is only found in animal reproduction.
  • Pollination and fertilization are the same process.
  • Pollination occurs after fertilization.
  • Pollination is the transfer of pollen to the stigma, while fertilization is the fusion of sperm and egg. (correct)

    • A perfect flower contains both male and female reproductive structures.

    True

    What structure is responsible for producing pollen in a flower?

    Anther

    In flowering plants, the _____ is the swollen part of the stem that bears flowers.

    <p>peduncle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of flowers with their characteristics:

    <p>Monoecious = Contains both male and female flowers on the same plant Dioecious = Has male and female flowers on separate plants Perfect flower = Contains both staminate and pistillate structures Imperfect flower = Lacks either staminate or pistillate structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a structure found in a typical dicot flower?

    <p>Corolla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A spike is a type of inflorescence where flowers are directly attached to the main stem without pedicels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'whorl' refer to in botany?

    <p>A circular arrangement of structures around a single point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term for sepals?

    <p>Calyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A complete flower contains all four types of floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sepals?

    <p>To cover and protect the flower bud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male floral organs of a flower are referred to as the ______.

    <p>stamens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the carpel connects the stigma to the ovary?

    <p>Style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the floral organ with its definition:

    <p>Sepals = Outermost protective structures of a flower Petals = Colorful structures that attract pollinators Stamens = Male reproductive parts of a flower Carpel/Pistil = Female reproductive parts of a flower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A flower that has both male and female reproductive organs is considered imperfect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A flower that is missing one or more whorls of floral organs is termed ______.

    <p>incomplete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for plants that have staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants?

    <p>Dioecious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a polygamous plant, all flowers are perfect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two bracts that enclose the sexual parts of a grass floret?

    <p>lemma and palea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A spikelet consists of two __________ enclosing one or more florets.

    <p>glumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cereal has many florets per pair of glumes?

    <p>Wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Dioecious = Plants with separate male and female flowers on different plants Synoecious = Plants with all perfect flowers on a single plant Polygamous = Plants with a mix of imperfect and perfect flowers Spikelet = A structure in flowering grass composed of glumes and florets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovary in a cereal flower is primarily located outside the lemma and palea.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ovule once it is pollinated?

    <p>It grows to form a seed that fills the ovary chamber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the flowering structures that consist of portions of the stem plus the flowering units?

    <p>Inflorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determinate growth habit allows for continued vegetative growth even after flowering begins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma?

    <p>Pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male reproductive organs of a flower are known as the ______.

    <p>stamens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the flower part with its function:

    <p>Pistil = Female reproductive organ Stamen = Male reproductive organ Sepals = Protection of the flower bud Petals = Attraction of pollinators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process when an anther sheds its contents?

    <p>Anthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovary is part of the male reproductive organ of a flower.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during fertilization in flowering plants?

    <p>Sperm cells from pollen reach and fuse with the egg cell inside the ovule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a dry, single-seeded fruit with the testa fused to the pericarp?

    <p>Caryopsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only 10% of flowering plants rely on wind pollination.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflorescence has flowers arranged along a central rachis with tiny stems called pedicels?

    <p>Raceme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a panicle inflorescence, flowers are attached to branches by small stalks called ______.

    <p>pedicels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plants is an example of a spike inflorescence?

    <p>Wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A simple umbel has many small umbels clustered together at the top of a peduncle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one flower adaptation for wind pollination.

    <p>Flowers clustered at the top of the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of inflorescence with their descriptions:

    <p>Spike = Elongate inflorescence with flowers attached directly to the central stalk. Raceme = Flowers open from the bottom upwards along a central stalk. Panicle = Branches emerge from the main stalk with flowers attached by stalks. Umbel = Pedicels arise from the same point on the central stalk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the flower head structure found in the Asteraceae family?

    <p>Capitulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    90% of flowering plants are adapted for self-pollination only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nectaries in dicot flowers?

    <p>to secrete nectar and attract insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is a dry single-seeded fruit with the pericarp fused to the testa.

    <p>caryopsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following fruit structures with their characteristics:

    <p>Legume = Composed of a single carpel, dehisces along two sutures Silique = Composed of two carpels Caryopsis = Dry single-seeded fruit in Poaceae Capitulum = Flower head structure in Asteraceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation is NOT typically found in dicot flowers to attract insects?

    <p>Lack of scent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovule develops into a seed after fertilization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ovary after successful fertilization in flowering plants?

    <p>It develops into a fruit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Reproductive Growth

    • Differentiate between pollination and fertilization.
    • List structures of a typical dicot flower.
    • List structures of a typical cereal flower.
    • List spikelet structures.
    • Describe male and female flower structures.
    • Describe whorled arrangement in a flower and collective terms for structures.
    • Differentiate between monoecious, dioecious, and synoecious plants.
    • Differentiate between perfect and imperfect flowers.
    • Differentiate between complete and incomplete flowers.
    • Describe monocot and dicot fruit structures.

    Key Terms and Concepts

    • achene: One-seeded fruit.
    • androecium: Collective term for stamens.
    • anther: Pollen-bearing part of the stamen.
    • anthesis: Opening of anthers.
    • Asteraceae: Family of plants (e.g., sunflowers).
    • Brassicaceae: Family of plants (e.g., mustards).
    • calyx: Collective term for sepals.
    • capitulum: Flower head.
    • carpel/pistil: Female reproductive organ.
    • corolla: Collective term for petals.
    • complete flower: Flower with all four whorls (sepals, petals, stamens, pistil).
    • dehiscence: Opening of plant structure for dispersal.
    • dehiscent fruit: Fruit that splits open at maturity.
    • dioecious: Plant with separate male and female flowers on different plants.
    • flag leaf: Leaf immediately below the stem.
    • fertilization: Fusion of sperm and egg cells.
    • filament: Stalk of a stamen.
    • floret: Small flower in an inflorescence.
    • flower: Reproductive structure.
    • fruit: Mature ovary containing seeds.
    • glume: Bract in cereal spikelets.
    • gynoecium: Collective term for carpels/pistils.
    • hull: Protective covering around cereal seeds.
    • imperfect flower: Flower lacking either stamens or pistils.
    • indehiscent fruit: Fruit that does not split open at maturity.
    • inflorescence: Group of flowers.
    • incomplete flower: Lacking any of the four whorls of floral parts.
    • lemma: Bract at the base of a cereal flower.
    • legume: Fruit type of pea family.
    • monoecious: Plant with both male and female flowers on the same plant.
    • nectary: Gland producing nectar.
    • ovary: Part of pistil that contains ovules.
    • ovule: Structure within the ovary that develops into a seed.
    • palea: Second bract in cereal flowers.
    • panicle: Branched inflorescence.
    • pedicel: Small stalk supporting a flower.
    • peduncle: Main stalk supporting an inflorescence.
    • perfect flower: Flower with both stamens and pistils.
    • petal: Usually colorful part of flower.
    • pistil: Female reproductive structure of flowers.
    • pistillate flower: Flower with pistils but no stamens.
    • pollination: Transfer of pollen to stigma.
    • rachis: Main axis of an inflorescence.
    • receptacle: Expanded portion of stem where flowers are attached.
    • sepal: Leaf-like structure enclosing the flower bud.
    • silique: Fruit-type of mustard family.
    • spike: Unbranched inflorescence
    • spikelet: Small inflorescence unit of grasses.
    • stamen: Male reproductive structure of flowers.
    • staminate flower: Flower with stamens but no pistils.
    • stigma: Part of pistil that receives pollen.
    • style: Connects stigma to ovary.
    • synoecious: Plant with all perfect flowers.
    • whorl: Circular arrangement of floral parts.

    General Information on Reproductive Growth

    • Shoot apical meristem initiates vegetative parts initially, and then flowering structures.
    • Inflorescence is formed by parts of the stem plus flowering units.
    • Some plants stop vegetative growth when flowering begins (determinate growth).
    • Other plants continue vegetative growth after flowering begins (indeterminate growth).

    General Information About Flowers

    • Flowers are for sexual reproduction.
    • Female parts are pistil/carpel (stigma, style, ovary).
    • Male parts are stamens (anther, filament).
    • Dehiscence is the opening of structures for dispersal (e.g., anther).
    • Pollen release is called anthesis.
    • Pericarp is the wall of the fruit, which can dehisce.
    • Pollination is transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
    • Fertilization is when sperm cells from pollen fuse with egg cells in the ovule.

    Parts of a Flower

    • Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels/pistils are in whorls (concentric rings)..

    Flowering of Cereal Crops

    • Cereal Inflorescences are composed of spikelets.
    • Spikelets have two glumes surrounding florets.
    • Within the spikelets, lemmas and paleas enclose florets.
    • Ovaries (female) form seeds within lemmas and paleas.
    • The main female part is the ovary, which has stigmas for pollen reception.
    • Florets have stamens (male parts) that emerge between the lemma and palea.
    • Pollination in cereal crops is usually wind-pollinated.

    Inflorescence Types

    • Spike Inflorescence: Elongate and attached directly to main stem (e.g., wheat, barley, rye).
    • Raceme Inflorescence: Flowers attached to central rachis with stalks (e.g., canola).
    • Panicle Inflorescence: Branched with small stalks (e.g., oats).
    • Umbel Inflorescence: Multiple stalks from a common point (e.g., onions).
    • Capitulum Inflorescence: Flower head with many small flowers (e.g., sunflowers).

    Dicot Fruit Structures

    • Legume: single carpel, splits open at maturity (pea family).
    • Silique: Two carpels, long and narrow, splits (mustard family).
    • Achene: One-seeded, pericarp separates easily from seed(e.g., Asteraceae).

    Dehiscent Fruits

    • Pericarp splits open at maturity to release seeds (e.g., legumes, siliques).

    Indehiscent Fruits

    • Pericarp does not split open (e.g., achenes and caryopses).

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the reproductive structures and processes of plants. This quiz covers topics such as pollination, fertilization, and flower anatomy in both dicots and monocots. Challenge yourself with questions about the various types of flowers and fruit structures.

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