Plant Reproductive Growth
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Questions and Answers

What is the collective term for sepals?

  • Gynoecium
  • Corolla
  • Calyx (correct)
  • Androecium

    • The petals of a flower are the outermost whorl.

    False

    What is the function of sepals?

    To cover and protect the flower bud.

    The collective term for the male floral organs is called the ______.

    <p>Androecium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the carpel receives the pollen?

    <p>Stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the flower types with their definitions:

    <p>Complete flower = Has all four floral organs present Incomplete flower = Missing one or more floral organs Perfect flower = Has both stamens and pistil present Imperfect flower = Lacks either stamens or pistil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A flower with only stamens is known as a ______ flower.

    <p>staminate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A monoecious plant has separate male and female plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a plant with a determinate growth habit?

    <p>Pea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All flowering plants have the same reproductive structures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the stigma in the flower?

    <p>To receive pollen during pollination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a plant that has staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants?

    <p>Dioecious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of pollen shedding by the anther is called _____

    <p>anthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A synoecious plant has all perfect flowers on a single plant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two bracts that enclose the sexual parts of a cereal flower called?

    <p>Lemma and palea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of a flower with their definitions:

    <p>Pistil = Female reproductive organ Stamen = Male reproductive organ Sepal = Protective leaf surrounding the flower Petal = Colorful part attracting pollinators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A spikelet in grasses is composed of two glumes enclosing one or more _______.

    <p>florets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes pollination?

    <p>The movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indeterminate growth habit means that vegetative growth stops once flowering begins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these cereals typically has many florets per pair of glumes?

    <p>Wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fruit is formed when the seed coat fuses to the ovary wall in grasses?

    <p>Caryopsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only 5% of flowering plants are wind pollinated.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four distinct sets of floral organs in a typical flower?

    <p>Sepals, petals, stamens, carpels/pistils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cereal crops with their characteristic regarding florets:

    <p>Wheat = Many florets per spikelet Barley = One floret per spikelet Oats = Large and papery glumes Rice = Small and inconspicuous glumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure becomes a seed inside the ovary after pollination?

    <p>Ovule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two adaptations of flowers for wind pollination.

    <p>flowers clustered at the top and abundant pollen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male parts of the cereal flower typically consist of four stamens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ has flowers arranged along a central rachis that open from the bottom upward.

    <p>raceme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plants produces flowers in a raceme?

    <p>Canola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following inflorescence types with their characteristics:

    <p>Spike = Elongate inflorescence with sessile flower attachment Panicle = Branches emerge from a central rachis Umbel = Many pedicels arise from a single point Capitulum = Many small flowers on a common receptacle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A simple umbel has many small umbels clustered at the top of the peduncle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common term used for the central stalk running through an inflorescence?

    <p>rachis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between pollination and fertilization?

    <p>Pollination involves the transfer of pollen whereas fertilization involves the fusion of gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A complete flower contains both male and female reproductive structures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the male structures of a flower?

    <p>androecium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A flower called ___ only has female reproductive structures.

    <p>pistillate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a perfect flower?

    <p>A flower that contains both male and female reproductive structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the plant terms to their definitions:

    <p>Monoecious = Plants that have both male and female flowers on the same individual. Dioecious = Plants that have either male or female flowers on separate individuals. Synoecious = Plants that have perfect flowers. Imperfect flower = A flower that lacks either male or female reproductive structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All spikes are categorized as inflorescences.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the structures that make up a spikelet?

    <p>florets, glumes, and lemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a caryopsis?

    <p>The pericarp is fused to the testa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The capitulum is a head-like inflorescence composed of a single large flower.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nectaries?

    <p>Gland secreting structures usually present at the base of a flower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the legume, dehiscence occurs along _____ sutures at maturity.

    <p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of fruits with their characteristics:

    <p>Caryopsis = Single seeded dry fruit with fused pericarp Legume = Composed of a single carpel Silique = Composed of two carpels Berry = Fleshy fruit with multiple seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family is known for producing legumes?

    <p>Fabaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    90% of flowering plants, including most dicots, are wind pollinated.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen for a harvestable seed to develop?

    <p>Pollination and fertilization must be successful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is typical for dicot plants?

    <p>Floral parts in units of five or four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The root apical meristem is responsible for the growth of above-ground plant structures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of root hairs?

    <p>To increase absorption surface area for water and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monocot roots typically develop from the ______.

    <p>radicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the root system characteristics with their functions:

    <p>Absorption = Conducts water and nutrients for growth Anchorage = Serves as an anchor for above-ground parts Storage = Stores food and water in roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the structure of monocot leaves?

    <p>They typically consist of one cotyledon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary adventitious roots are traceable back to the radicle in monocots.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ meristem is responsible for the increase in a plant's length.

    <p>apical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary root structure found in most dicot crops?

    <p>Taproot system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adventitious roots are typical in dicot plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of stems in plants?

    <p>Support, transport, and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is the part of a stem between two nodes.

    <p>internode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following growth patterns to their characteristics:

    <p>Determinate Growth Pattern = Has a predetermined number of leaves and stops vegetative growth after flowering Indeterminate Growth Pattern = Continues to grow and flower without a predetermined number of leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes a bud located in the leaf axil?

    <p>Axillary bud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In determinate growth, plants can flower and produce seeds at different times.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of growth pattern allows a plant to produce flowers and seeds while continuing to grow?

    <p>Indeterminate Growth Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leaf shape is characterized by being heart-shaped with a notch at the base?

    <p>Cordate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Serrate leaves have margins that are smooth and not jagged.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phyllotaxy?

    <p>The arrangement of leaves on a stem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The leaf arrangement characterized by two leaves at each node is known as __________ leaf arrangement.

    <p>opposite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following leaf margin types with their descriptions:

    <p>Entire = Not toothed or divided Lobed = Cut less than halfway to the base Serrate = Saw-like margins with forward pointing teeth Double Serrate = Serrate margins with smaller serrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leaf is described as being much longer than wide, with the widest point below the middle?

    <p>Lanceolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stipules are appendages found at the base of the stem, not the petiole.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stipules in plants?

    <p>Protection for emerging leaves, photosynthetic support, and plant defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the presence of a true leaf rather than a leaflet in a plant?

    <p>Presence of an axillary bud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A leaflet has an axillary bud.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the main central vein of a compound pinnate leaf?

    <p>rachis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compound leaf with exactly three leaflets is known as a __________ leaf.

    <p>trifoliolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leaf has several major veins radiating from a central point?

    <p>Simple palmate leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the leaf types with their characteristics:

    <p>Simple Pinnate Leaf = Single blade with pinnate venation Compound Pinnate Leaf = Leaflets attached to the rachis Simple Palmate Leaf = Major veins radiating from a central point Compound Palmate Leaf = Leaflets radiating from a central point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The leaflets of a compound leaf can have their own axillary buds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure may attach leaflets to the rachis in a compound leaf?

    <p>petiolule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not influence the number of tillers produced by a plant?

    <p>Soil pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dicot leaves typically have parallel venation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of leaf venation found in dicots?

    <p>Pinnate and palmate venation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Branching in dicots occurs from ______ located in the leaf axils.

    <p>axillary buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to dicot leaves with their descriptions:

    <p>Petiolate = Leaf blade attached to the stem with a stalk Sessile = Leaf blade attached directly to the stem without a stalk Simple Leaf = Leaf with an undivided blade Compound Leaf = Leaf with a subdivided blade consisting of multiple leaflets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true of dicot leaf attachment?

    <p>Petiolate attachment is more common than sessile attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dicots, the main central vein is called the rachis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic function of leaves?

    <p>To capture light and conduct photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of growth habit describes plants with stems that lie flat against the ground?

    <p>Prostrate Stem Growth Habit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erect stems are typically strong enough to support themselves without external support.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a side shoot produced by a cereal plant when an axillary bud breaks dormancy?

    <p>tiller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stem of a cereal crop is typically called a ______.

    <p>culm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the plant growth habits with their descriptions:

    <p>Erect Stem Growth Habit = Upright and self-supporting stems Prostrate Stem Growth Habit = Stems lying flat against the ground Twining Stem Growth Habit = Stems that wrap around objects for support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a plant with twining stem growth habit?

    <p>Sunflower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cereal plants initially have long above-ground stems and their leaves arise from different height levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a plant that exhibits prostrate stem growth habit.

    <p>Portulaca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Reproductive Growth

    • Plant reproductive growth involves the shoot apical meristem transitioning from producing vegetative organs to flowering structures.
    • Inflorescences consist of flowering units on stems.
    • Some plants' vegetative growth ceases after flowering (determinate growth), while others continue (indeterminate growth).
    • Flowers are for sexual reproduction, with female parts (pistil/carpel) including stigma, style, and ovary, and male parts (stamens) including filament and anther.
    • Dehiscence is the opening of a structure to release contents, like pollen from anthers.
    • Pollination involves pollen transfer to the stigma.
    • Fertilization happens when sperm cells from pollen reach the egg cell in the ovule.
    • Flowers have four whorls: sepals (outermost), petals, stamens (male), and carpels/pistils (female).
    • A complete flower has all four whorls; an incomplete flower lacks one or more.
    • A perfect flower has both male and female parts; an imperfect flower lacks either.
    • Monoecious plants have both male and female flowers on the same plant; dioecious plants have separate male and female plants; synoecious plants have perfect flowers.
    • Flower types include complete/incomplete, perfect/imperfect, monoecious/dioecious/synoecious/polygamous.
    • Inflorescences in cereal crops are composed of spikelets with glumes enclosing one or more florets (small flowers).
    • Each floret has a lemma and palea surrounding the flower's reproductive structures.
    • The ovary contains the ovules which will develop into seeds.
    • Pollination in cereal crops is primarily wind-pollinated.
    • Inflorescence types include racemes (flowers along a central axis), panicles (branched inflorescences), umbels (flowers clustered at the same point), and capitulum (large flower head).
    • Insect pollination is common in dicot flowers with adaptations like large flowers, colors, nectaries, etc.
    • Dicot fruit structures include legumes, siliques, and achenes categorized as either dehiscent (splitting open) or indehiscent (not splitting open).
    • A caryopsis is a special dry, single-seeded fruit, unique to grasses, where the pericarp (ovary wall) fuses with the seed coat (testa).

    General Information on Reproductive Growth

    • Shoot apical meristem (SAM) controls vegetative and reproductive growth, switching to flower production.
    • Pollination and fertilization are crucial parts of sexual reproduction.
    • Flowers consist of various parts for sexual reproduction.

    Flowering of Cereal Crops

    • Spikelets hold florets, enclosed by glumes
    • Florets have lemma and palea bracts.
    • Ovary is enclosed within lemma and palea, with feathery stigmas at the top for pollen reception.
    • Male parts (stamens) emerge between lemma and palea.
    • Cereal seeds grow into seeds that fill the ovary completely.
    • Ovary walls fuse with seed coats.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating process of plant reproductive growth, including the transition from vegetative to flowering structures. This quiz covers key concepts such as inflorescences, pollination, and the anatomy of flowers, along with distinctions between complete and incomplete flowers. Test your knowledge on the various reproductive strategies in plants.

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