Plant Reproductive Biology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the process that occurs before the flower is visible on a plant?

  • Maturation of the reproductive structures
  • Differentiation and development of the floral primordium (correct)
  • Formation of the inflorescences
  • Development of the androecium and the gynoecium

What is the name of the stalk that connects the anther to the thalamus or petal of the flower?

  • Stamen
  • Filament (correct)
  • Thalamus
  • Anther

What is the characteristic of a typical angiosperm anther?

  • It has four theca
  • It has one theca
  • It is bilobed with each lobe having two theca (correct)
  • It has three theca

What is the name of the male reproductive organ in a flower?

<p>Androecium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the part of the flower that represents the female reproductive organ?

<p>Gynoecium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be observed by examining different stamens from various flowers under a microscope?

<p>The variation in size and shape of anthers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the anther in the transverse section?

<p>Tetragonal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many microsporangia are located at each corner of the anther?

<p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the outer three wall layers of the microsporangium?

<p>Protection and dehiscence of anther (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the cells of the tapetum?

<p>They have more than one nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tissue that occupies the centre of each microsporangium in a young anther?

<p>Sporogenous tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of the cells of the tetrad formed after meiotic divisions?

<p>Haploid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Floral Primordium Development

The initial phase of flower development where the floral bud forms. It involves changes in stem cells to become specialized floral structures.

Filament

The stalk that connects an anther, which produces pollen, to the base of the flower.

Anther Structure

A typical angiosperm anther, the structure that produces pollen, consists of two lobes. Each lobe further has two chambers called theca.

Androecium

The collective term for all the stamens in a flower, which represent the male reproductive organs.

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Gynoecium

The collective term for all the carpels, which contain the ovary, style, and stigma. It represents the female reproductive organ of a flower.

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Anther Diversity

Examining stamens under a microscope reveals variations in the size and shape of anthers, showcasing diverse forms of pollen production.

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Tetragonal Anther

The shape of an anther when viewed from a cross-section, resembling a square with four sides.

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Microsporangia Location

Each corner of an anther contains two chambers called microsporangia, where pollen grains develop.

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Microsporangium Wall Layers

The outer three layers of the microsporangial wall provide protection and facilitate the release of pollen grains.

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Tapetum Characteristics

The cells of the tapetum, a nourishing layer within the microsporangium, have unusually high numbers of nuclei, suggesting active nutrient provision.

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Sporogenous Tissue

The central tissue of young anthers containing specialized cells that give rise to pollen grains.

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Tetrad Ploidy

After undergoing meiotic divisions, the resulting cells, called a tetrad, contain half the number of chromosomes found in the parent cell, making them haploid.

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Study Notes

Anther Structure

  • An anther is a four-sided (tetragonal) structure consisting of four microsporangia located at the corners, two in each lobe.
  • Each microsporangium develops into a pollen sac, extending longitudinally throughout the length of the anther and packed with pollen grains.

Microsporangium Structure

  • A microsporangium appears near circular in outline in a transverse section.
  • It is surrounded by four wall layers: epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, and the tapetum.
  • The outer three wall layers perform the function of protection and help in dehiscence of anther to release the pollen.
  • The innermost wall layer is the tapetum, which nourishes the developing pollen grains.
  • Tapetal cells possess dense cytoplasm and generally have more than one nucleus.

Microsporogenesis

  • The cells of the sporogenous tissue undergo meiotic divisions to form microspore tetrads.
  • The ploidy of the cells of the tetrad is haploid.

Reproductive Structures

  • The androecium represents the male reproductive organ, consisting of a whorl of stamens.
  • Each stamen consists of a filament and a terminal, generally bilobed, anther.
  • The proximal end of the filament is attached to the thalamus or petal of the flower.
  • The number and length of stamens are variable in flowers of different species.

Anther Variation

  • Typical angiosperm anthers are bilobed, with each lobe having two theca (dithecous).
  • A longitudinal groove often runs lengthwise, separating the theca.
  • There is a large variation in size, shape, and attachment of anthers in different flowers.

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Description

Test your knowledge of plant reproductive biology, including the development of floral primordium, inflorescences, and the differentiation of male and female reproductive structures. From hormonal changes to flower formation, see how well you understand the process. Take this quiz to find out!

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