Plant Reproduction: Key Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic distinguishes gymnosperms from angiosperms?

  • Gymnosperms reproduce via spores; angiosperms reproduce via seeds.
  • Gymnosperms possess vascular tissue, whereas angiosperms do not.
  • Angiosperms are nonvascular, while gymnosperms are vascular.
  • Angiosperms produce flowers and gymnosperms do not. (correct)

What is the primary role of the antheridium in plants?

  • To produce haploid sperm. (correct)
  • To facilitate water transport.
  • To provide structural support.
  • To produce haploid eggs.

Which generation is represented by the multicellular haploid phase in plants?

  • Sporophyte
  • Gametophyte (correct)
  • Megasporophyte
  • Microsporophyte

What is a key difference between heterosporous and homosporous plants regarding spore production?

<p>Heterosporous plants produce two types of spores; homosporous plants produce one. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs within the megasporocyte to produce the haploid female gametophyte?

<p>Meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the microspore in plant reproduction?

<p>To produce the male gametophyte. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dioecious plant species exhibit which of the following characteristics concerning reproductive structures?

<p>Male reproductive organs on one plant, female on a separate plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the primary function of rhizoids?

<p>Anchoring non-vascular plants to the ground. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In seedless vascular plants, what are sori?

<p>Clusters of sporangia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs within the sporangium to produce haploid cells in seedless plants?

<p>Meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct product of spore division by mitosis?

<p>Haploid adult (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a cone-like composition of sporophylls?

<p>Strobilus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines a thallus?

<p>A simple vegetative body lacking differentiation into true leaves, stems, or roots. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tracheids in gymnosperms?

<p>To transport water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the term 'monoecious' describe plants regarding their reproductive structures?

<p>Plants having both male and female reproductive structures on the same individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In gymnosperms, where are microsporangia primarily located?

<p>Pollen cones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct product of the megasporangium?

<p>Megaspores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the sporophyte generation?

<p>Diploid phase that produces spores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do sporophylls play in plant reproduction, particularly in gymnosperms?

<p>They contain the sporangia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tracheids contribute to the survival and growth of gymnosperms in diverse environments?

<p>By transporting water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of Bryophytes?

<p>Liverworts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure produces haploid eggs in plants?

<p>Archegonium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plants are classified as 'naked seed' plants because they do not produce flowers?

<p>Gymnosperms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reproductive strategy is represented by a plant that produces only one type of spore, which then develops into a gametophyte with both male and female reproductive organs?

<p>Homosporous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the diploid cells within the megasporangium that undergo meiosis to produce the haploid female gametophyte?

<p>Megasporocyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for anchoring non-vascular seedless plants to the ground?

<p>Rhizoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process does a spore undergo to develop into the haploid adult?

<p>Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In gymnosperms, where are megasporangia located?

<p>Ovulate cone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diploid phase that produces spores?

<p>Sporophyte (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Angiosperms

The seed in a vessel plants that produce flowers.

Antheridium

Male reproductive structure producing haploid sperm.

Archegonium

Female reproductive organ that produces haploid eggs.

Gametophyte

Multicellular haploid phase producing gametes (sex cells).

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Gymnosperms

Naked seed plants, not producing flowers.

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Heterosporous

Plant producing megaspores (female) and microspores (male).

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Homosporous

Plant producing one type of spore with both male and female organs.

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Megasporangium

Sporangium (2n) producing megaspores.

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Megasporocyte

Diploid cells in megasporangium creating haploid female gametophyte.

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Megaspore

Haploid spore producing the female gametophyte.

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Microsporangium

Sporangium (2n) producing microspores.

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Microsporocyte

Diploid cells that produces haploid male gametophyte via meiosis.

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Microspore

Haploid spore that produces the male gametophyte.

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Monoecious

Both male and female reproductive organs on one plant.

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Dioecious

Male and female organs on separate plants.

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Bryophytes

Nonvascular plants: mosses, liverworts, hornworts.

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Sori

Structure that is a cluster of sporangia on underside of seedless vascular plants.

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Sporangium

Multicellular organ with meiosis, develops haploid cells

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Spore

Haploid cell divides by mitosis to produce haploid adults.

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Sporophyte

Multicellular diploid phase producing spores.

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Strobilus

A cone-like structure composed of sporophylls

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Study Notes

  • Angiosperms are "seed in a vessel" plants that produce flowers.
  • Antheridium is a male reproductive structure that produces haploid sperm.
  • Archegonium is a female reproductive organ that produces haploid eggs.
  • Gametophyte is a multicellular haploid phase that produces gametes.
  • Gymnosperms are "naked seed" plants that do not produce flowers.
  • Heterosporous plants produce megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes, and microspores, which develop into male gametophytes.
  • Homosporous plants produce only one type of spore that develops into a gametophyte with both male and female reproductive organs.
  • Megasporangium (2n) produces megaspores.
  • Megasporocyte: Diploid cells within the megasporangium produce the haploid female gametophyte via meiosis.
  • Megaspore is a haploid spore that produces the female gametophyte.
  • Microsporangium (2n) produces microspores.
  • Microsporocyte: Diploid cells within the microsporangium produce the haploid male gametophyte via meiosis.
  • Microspore is a haploid spore that produces the male gametophyte.
  • Monoecious plants have both male and female reproductive organs on the same plant.
  • Dioecious plants have male reproductive organs on one plant and female reproductive organs on a separate plant.
  • Bryophytes are a phylum of nonvascular plants, including Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts.
  • Pollen cones are gymnosperm male cones where microsporangia are located.
  • Ovulate cones are gymnosperm female cones where megasporangia are located.
  • Rhizoids are hair-like extensions that anchor non-vascular seedless plants in the ground.
  • Sori are clusters of sporangia on the underside of some seedless vascular plants.
  • Sporangium is a multicellular organ in seedless plants where meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.
  • Spore is a haploid cell that divides by mitosis to develop into the haploid adult.
  • Sporophyll is found on Gymnosperms, woody leaves that contain the sporangia.
  • Sporophyte is the multicellular diploid phase that produces spores.
  • Strobilus is a cone-like structure composed of sporophylls.
  • Thallus is a simple vegetative body that is not differentiated into true leaf, stem, or root.
  • Tracheids are dominant xylem cells in Gymnosperms. Lignified cells transport water throughout the plant.

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