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Questions and Answers
Explain how cross-pollination contributes to genetic diversity in flowering plants, and why this is beneficial for the species.
Explain how cross-pollination contributes to genetic diversity in flowering plants, and why this is beneficial for the species.
Cross-pollination introduces new genetic information, leading to variation. This can help the species adapt to different conditions or resist diseases.
Compare and contrast internal and external fertilization, giving an example of an animal that uses each method and an advantage of each method.
Compare and contrast internal and external fertilization, giving an example of an animal that uses each method and an advantage of each method.
Internal fertilization occurs inside the female's body (e.g., mammals), increasing the chance of successful fertilization. External fertilization occurs outside the body (e.g., fish), allowing for the simultaneous fertilization of many eggs.
Describe the role of the placenta and umbilical cord during fetal development, and explain why they are essential for a healthy pregnancy.
Describe the role of the placenta and umbilical cord during fetal development, and explain why they are essential for a healthy pregnancy.
The placenta provides oxygen, nutrients, and removes waste from the fetus. The umbilical cord transports blood between the fetus and placenta, and if either fails, the fetus may not develop properly.
Explain the sequence of events from ovulation to implantation, assuming fertilization occurs. What are the key structures and processes involved?
Explain the sequence of events from ovulation to implantation, assuming fertilization occurs. What are the key structures and processes involved?
Describe what happens during menstruation and why it occurs.
Describe what happens during menstruation and why it occurs.
What is the role of the amniotic fluid during pregnancy?
What is the role of the amniotic fluid during pregnancy?
Explain how fertilization results in the formation of identical twins.
Explain how fertilization results in the formation of identical twins.
What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
How does the filament contribute to the process of pollination?
How does the filament contribute to the process of pollination?
Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
In the human female reproductive system, what is the primary role of the oviduct (fallopian tube)?
In the human female reproductive system, what is the primary role of the oviduct (fallopian tube)?
What is the function of the cervix during pregnancy?
What is the function of the cervix during pregnancy?
Describe the roles of the testes and the sperm duct in the male reproductive system.
Describe the roles of the testes and the sperm duct in the male reproductive system.
Explain the significance of the zygote in human reproduction.
Explain the significance of the zygote in human reproduction.
What is implantation, and why is it crucial for a successful pregnancy?
What is implantation, and why is it crucial for a successful pregnancy?
Describe negative feedback mechanisms that control hormone levels during the menstrual cycle.
Describe negative feedback mechanisms that control hormone levels during the menstrual cycle.
Compare and contrast the origins and genetic similarities of identical versus non-identical twins.
Compare and contrast the origins and genetic similarities of identical versus non-identical twins.
If a plant species relies solely on self-pollination, what challenges might it face in terms of survival and adaptation?
If a plant species relies solely on self-pollination, what challenges might it face in terms of survival and adaptation?
Explain why the location of fertilization (oviduct vs. uterus) is important for the initial stages of embryonic development.
Explain why the location of fertilization (oviduct vs. uterus) is important for the initial stages of embryonic development.
How do hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy?
How do hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy?
Flashcards
Pistil/Carpel
Pistil/Carpel
The female part of a flowering plant, including the stigma, style, and ovary.
Stigma
Stigma
The part of the pistil that collects pollen.
Style
Style
The part of the pistil that connects the stigma to the ovary.
Ovary
Ovary
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Stamen
Stamen
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Anther
Anther
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Filament
Filament
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Pollination
Pollination
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Self-Pollination
Self-Pollination
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Cross-Pollination
Cross-Pollination
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Internal Fertilization
Internal Fertilization
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External Fertilization
External Fertilization
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Ovaries
Ovaries
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Oviduct/Fallopian Tube
Oviduct/Fallopian Tube
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Uterus
Uterus
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Penis
Penis
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Placenta
Placenta
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Umbilical Cord
Umbilical Cord
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Non-identical Twins
Non-identical Twins
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Identical Twins
Identical Twins
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Study Notes
- The pistil/carpel is the female part of a flowering plant.
- The stamen is the male part of the flowering plant.
Pistil/Carpel Parts:
- Stigma: Collects pollen.
- Style: Connects the stigma to the ovary.
- Ovary: Contains the ovules.
Stamen Parts:
- Anther: Produces pollen.
- Filament: A stalk that holds up the anther.
Pollination
- The process where pollen from the anther reaches the stigma.
- Self-pollination is when a flower is pollinated by pollen from the same flower or another flower on the same plant.
- Cross-pollination occues when pollen is transferred to another flower by insects or wind.
Fertilization
- Internal fertilization occurs inside the body.
- External fertilization occurs outside the body.
- In fish, the female lays eggs, and the male fertilizes them by releasing sperm onto the eggs.
Female Reproductive System Parts
- Ovaries: Where eggs are formed and released.
- Oviduct (Fallopian tube): Where the egg travels to the uterus, and is typically where the egg gets fertilized.
- Uterus: Where the fetus is held.
- Uterine lining: Lining around the uterus.
- Cervix: Keeps the fetus in place.
- Vagina: A passage for the penis to enter the female's body, and is also where blood leaves the body during mensturation.
Male Reproductive System Parts
- Testicles: Where sperm is produced.
- Penis: Delivers semen to the body of a female during sexual intercourse.
- Glands: Add fluids to the sperm.
- Sperm duct: Carries sperm from the testes.
- Scrotum: Protects the testes.
- Urethra: Carries sperm out of the body.
Sexual Intercourse
- The penis is inserted into the vagina.
- Sperm travels through the uterus to the fallopian tubes.
- If sperm meets an egg, fertilization occurs, resulting in a zygote.
- The zygote divides and forms a ball of cells called the embryo.
- The embryo sinks into the uterine lining, in a process called implantation.
- The implanted embryo grows into a fetus.
Menstruation
- Once a month, a mature egg is released from an ovary.
- If the egg is not fertilized, the uterine lining breaks down and is shed along with the egg through the vagina.
- The uterus then builds a fresh lining for the next potential pregnancy.
- This cycle usually takes about 28 days, but can vary.
Fetal Development
- After implantation, the embryo is surrounded by amniotic fluid for protection.
- A placenta grows, which is an organ that provides the fetus with oxygen, water, and food and removes waste.
- The umbilical cord carries blood between the fetus and the placenta.
Twins
- Non-identical twins result from the fertilization of two eggs.
- Identical twins result from a fertilized egg dividing into two separate cells and are always the same gender.
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