18 Questions
What is the main purpose of tissue culture in plants?
To produce genetically identical clones of rare and endangered plant species
What is the main function of the sporangium in spore formation?
To release spores that can germinate and form new plants
What is the main difference between grafting and layering?
Grafting involves cutting a part of one plant and attaching it to another, while layering involves bending the stem of a plant to the ground and covering it with soil
What is the main advantage of using cuttings for plant propagation?
Cuttings can be treated with hormones to induce root development
Which of the following vegetative propagation techniques involves the integration of tissues between two different plants?
Grafting
Which vegetative propagation technique is most suitable for increasing the population of rare and endangered plant species?
Tissue culture
What type of vegetative reproduction is carried out by humans in fields and laboratories?
Tissue culture
Which type of stem has condensed modified underground stem with fleshy scale-like leaves that store food?
Tubers
What type of stems grow horizontally below the soil surface and give rise to a shoot directly from the tip?
Suckers
Which vegetative structure has buds formed at the nodes and eventually divide into genetically identical plants?
Runners
What is the term for modified subaerial stem-like runners with smaller internodes that give rise to new plants?
Offsets
Which type of vegetative propagation involves creating genetically identical plants through producing roots and new shoots at nodes?
Layering
Which of the following is NOT a form of asexual reproduction in plants?
Sexual reproduction
In tissue culture, which part of the plant is typically used to generate a new plant?
Meristematic tissue
What is the main purpose of grafting in plant propagation?
To combine desirable traits from different plant varieties
Which of the following is a technique used for asexual propagation in plants?
Layering
What is the main advantage of using cuttings for asexual propagation in plants?
Production of genetically identical offspring
Which of the following is NOT a type of spore formation in plants?
Gametes
Study Notes
Vegetative Propagation
- A new plant arises from the node present in the stem.
- Vegetative propagation can be either natural or artificial.
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
- Grafting: a cutting from one plant is attached to the stem of another plant rooted in the ground, and the tissues integrate over time.
- Cutting: a part of a plant is cut and planted in the soil, and adventitious roots develop from the cutting.
- Layering: a stem is bent to the ground, covered with soil, and adventitious roots emerge from the covered plant part.
- Tissue Culture: plant cells are cultured in a laboratory to develop a new plant, helpful for increasing rare and endangered species.
Vegetative Propagation through Spore Formation
- Spore formation, also known as sporogenesis, occurs during unfavourable conditions.
- Sporangium contains spores, which are released when conditions are favourable and germinate to form new organisms.
Natural Vegetative Propagation
-
Occurs when plants grow and develop naturally without human interference.
-
Types of natural vegetative propagation:
Stem
- Runners grow horizontally above the ground, producing buds at nodes.
- These buds can develop into new plants.
Leaves
- Leaves of some plants can detach from the parent plant and develop into new plants.
Rhizomes
- Modified underground stems that are horizontal, thick, and fleshy.
- Capable of producing new shoots and roots when they emerge from the soil.
Tubers
- Modified underground swollen stems that store food.
- Nodes on tubers have buds that can give rise to new plants.
Suckers
- Modified sub-aerial stems that grow horizontally below the soil surface.
- Tips of suckers give rise to a shoot with or without root.
Offsets
- Modified sub-aerial stem-like runners with smaller internodes.
- Nodes on offsets give rise to new plants.
Bulbs
- Condensed modified underground stems with adventitious roots and fleshy scale-like leaves that store food.
Asexual Reproduction
-
A process by which genetically identical offspring are produced from one parent.
-
5 types:
Binary Fission
- Separation of the body into two new bodies.
- Organism duplicates its genetic material, divides into two parts, and each new organism receives one copy of DNA.
- Examples: amoeba and euglena.
Budding
- Producing an individual through buds that develop on the parent body.
- Example: hydra.
Fragmentation
- Parent organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment develops into a new organism.
- Example: vegetative propagation in plants.
Test your knowledge on different methods of plant propagation, including grafting and cutting. Learn how plants can be propagated through vegetative means and artificial techniques. Explore the process of integrating tissues from different plants to create a new, single plant.
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