Plant Physiology: Vascular Tissues Quiz

Root hairs are small, thin extensions of root epidermal cells that increase the surface area for absorbing water and dissolved minerals from the soil.

The epidermis of roots lacks a cuticle, allowing for easy passage of water and minerals into the root.

Xylem tissue, composed of dead cells, transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem tissue, composed of living cells, transports sugars and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

Xylem tissue provides structural support to plants, especially in woody stems.

The removal of a ring of bark in a tree interrupts the flow of sugars through the phloem, but does not affect the movement of water through the xylem.

The arrangement of xylem and phloem in distinct bundles, usually in a circular pattern.

Phloem is found on the outer edge of vascular bundles, while xylem is in the center.

Xylem is located closer to the center of the stem, while phloem is found towards the outer edge.

The arrangement of vascular bundles in a ring shape, provides structural support and strength to the stem.

The tissue above the ring swells because the phloem is unable to transport sugars down the stem.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make sugar. Less daylight means less photosynthesis, which means less sugar.

In leaves, vascular bundles form the midrib and veins, distributing water and nutrients.

The xylem and phloem are located on the outer edges of the stem, so even if the center is hollow, transportation of water and nutrients can still occur.

The xylem and phloem are found in the center of the root, providing support and strength to the root.

The process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, mainly leaves, but also stems and flowers.

The inward pulling force generated by the evaporation of water from plant leaves, pulling water up the xylem.

The decrease in stem diameter when transpiration rate increases, caused by the inward pull of xylem vessels due to increased transpiration.

Vascular bundles are strands containing both xylem and phloem, responsible for transporting water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.

The arrangement of xylem and phloem in distinct, separate strands within the stem of flowering plants.

Water travels from areas of high water potential to areas of low water potential, following the concentration gradient.

Nitrate ions are absorbed into root hair cells through active transport, moving against the concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Sulphate ions can enter root hair cells by diffusion, following the concentration gradient, or by active transport, requiring energy.

Excessive fertilizer increases the mineral concentration in the soil, reducing the water potential. This makes it difficult for water to move into the roots by osmosis.

Active transport is a process that uses energy to move substances across cell membranes, against their concentration gradient.

Xylem is the plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots.

Phloem is the plant tissue that transports sugars and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

Thin, hair-like extensions of root epidermal cells that increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption. Think of them as tiny straws sucking up nutrients from the soil.

Outermost layer of cells in a root, protecting the inner tissues. Think of it as the root's 'skin'.

The main body of a root, containing parenchyma cells that store food and water. Think of it as the fleshy part of the root.

Water travels through the root along a water potential gradient, meaning it moves from areas of high water concentration to low concentration. Think of it like water flowing downhill.

Water can move through three routes in the cortex: 1) through the cytoplasm of cells by osmosis, 2) through the vacuoles of cells by osmosis, or 3) freely through the cell wall. Think of these as different pathways for water to travel through.