Plant Physiology: Transpiration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the physiological significance of transpiration in plants?

Transpiration helps in cooling the plant and maintaining nutrient flow by creating a negative pressure in the xylem.

Explain the difference between stomata and hydathodes in relation to water loss.

Stomata are pores primarily responsible for gas exchange and transpiration, while hydathodes are specialized structures that facilitate guttation.

What adaptations do xerophytic plants exhibit to minimize transpiration?

Xerophytic plants have adaptations like sunken stomata, thick cuticles, and reduced leaf surfaces to reduce water loss.

Describe the role of anti-transpirants in plant water management.

<p>Anti-transpirants are substances that reduce the rate of transpiration in plants, helping to conserve water during drought conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is guttation and how does it differ from transpiration?

<p>Guttation is the process where excess water is expelled as liquid droplets from hydathodes in leaves, whereas transpiration is the loss of water vapor through stomata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does sunlight play in the process of transpiration?

<p>Sunlight causes the stomata to remain fully open, increasing the rate of transpiration during the day, while at night, stomata close, reducing transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does wind affect the rate of transpiration in plants?

<p>High wind velocity accelerates transpiration by removing water vapor quickly, preventing saturation of the air around the leaf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to transpiration rates when soil water availability is low?

<p>Transpiration rates decrease when soil water is low, causing the plant to potentially wilt due to insufficient moisture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two advantages of transpiration for plants.

<p>Transpiration aids in the ascent of sap and helps cool the plant during hot weather.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two disadvantages of transpiration?

<p>Excessive water loss through transpiration can cause plant wilting and loss of turgidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between transpiration and water absorption by root hairs.

<p>Transpiration lowers water concentration in the cell sap, creating an osmotic gradient that enables root hairs to absorb water from the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the experiment using cobalt chloride paper to investigate transpiration.

<p>Cobalt chloride paper is placed on both surfaces of a dorsiventral leaf; the lower surface shows a faster color change from blue to pink, indicating higher transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of Garreau’s Potometer?

<p>The capillary tube should be properly dipped into the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is studied using Garreau’s Potometer?

<p>Transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'reservoir' in the potometer?

<p>It is used to adjust the position of the air bubble in the graduated capillary tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the air bubble play in the potometer experiment?

<p>The movement of the air bubble indicates the rate of transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define transpiration in the context of plant physiology.

<p>Transpiration is the loss of water vapor by the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cuticular transpiration?

<p>Cuticular transpiration takes place through the cuticle covering the leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain guttation and its significance.

<p>Guttation is the loss of water in the form of droplets from leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of establishing test tube B in the transpiration experiment?

<p>The purpose is to demonstrate that there is no change in the level of water in the absence of a plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lenticels and their function?

<p>Lenticels are pores in the periderm of woody stems for gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of transpiration as mentioned in the content.

<p>Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water as vapors through their aerial parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes wilting in plants?

<p>Wilting occurs due to unfavourable water relations, such as excessive transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is oil added on top of the water in the experiment?

<p>Oil is placed over water to prevent evaporation of water from the test tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the process for getting rid of excess water vapor through the stomata.

<p>Transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of dry cobalt chloride paper, and what does it indicate?

<p>The color of dry cobalt chloride paper is blue, which indicates it is dry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the experimental leaf a monocot or a dicot? Justify your answer.

<p>The experimental leaf is a dicot because it exhibits reticulate venation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why glass slides are placed over the dry cobalt chloride papers.

<p>Glass slides are used to prevent air water vapor from interfering with the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change would you expect on the cobalt chloride paper after half an hour on the dorsal side of the leaf?

<p>The dorsal side is expected to show fewer or no pink dots due to fewer stomata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'transpiration' in your own words.

<p>Transpiration is the process where plants lose water as vapor from their aerial parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental factors like humidity and wind affect transpiration rates?

<p>In humid conditions, transpiration decreases, while it increases rapidly on windy days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does anhydrous calcium chloride play in the experiment described?

<p>Anhydrous calcium chloride absorbs moisture, indicating the amount of water transpired by the leaf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen to the weight of the CaCl2 after the experiment and why?

<p>The weight of CaCl2 will increase due to the absorption of water vapor from the transpiring leaf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a manometer used in the experiment?

<p>A manometer measures the pressure changes that reflect the differences in transpiration rates from the leaf surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the described setup, which plant would likely experience the highest weight loss?

<p>Plant E would experience the highest weight loss due to exposure to strong light, enhancing transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does Vaseline have when applied to the leaves?

<p>Vaseline blocks the stomata, reducing water loss through transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant from the experiment would remain healthier for a longer time?

<p>Plant A would remain healthier as it is not subjected to any barriers to transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the uncontrolled variable in the described experiment.

<p>Plant A can be considered the uncontrolled variable as it has no modifications affecting transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two plants would show the maximum difference in weight loss?

<p>The maximum difference in weight loss would be between plants D and E.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would you expect to happen to the beaker containing plant D after the experiment?

<p>The weight change in plant D is expected to be minimal since the upper surfaces of leaves are removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Transpiration

The process by which water vapor is released from the plant's leaves through tiny pores called stomata.

How does sunlight affect transpiration?

Sunlight causes the stomata to open, allowing water vapor to escape, leading to increased transpiration.

How does wind affect transpiration?

Wind carries away the water vapor near the leaf, preventing saturation and encouraging further evaporation, resulting in higher transpiration rates.

How does water availability affect transpiration?

When available water in the soil decreases, the plant's roots struggle to absorb water, leading to less water available for transpiration.

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How does transpiration help with water transport in plants?

Transpiration creates a pulling force that draws water up from the roots through the xylem, transporting nutrients to the entire plant.

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How does transpiration help regulate plant temperature?

Transpiration helps cool the plant by releasing heat as water evaporates from the leaves.

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How does transpiration help with water balance in plants?

Excess water absorbed by the roots is eliminated through transpiration, regulating the plant's internal water balance.

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Stomata

Tiny pores found on the underside of leaves, primarily responsible for the release of water vapor during transpiration.

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Guttation

The process of water loss from plants in the form of liquid droplets through specialized structures called hydathodes.

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Hydathodes

Specialized structures located at the tips of veins in leaves that facilitate the release of excess water through guttation.

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Xerophyte

A plant adapted to survive in dry environments, often employing strategies like sunken stomata and thick cuticles to minimize water loss.

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What is transpiration?

The loss of water as water vapor from the aerial parts of a plant.

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Why is oil placed over water in a transpiration experiment?

To prevent the evaporation of water from the test tube.

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What is the purpose of setting up test-tube B in a transpiration experiment?

To show that in the absence of a plant there is no change in the level of water.

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What is the color of dry cobalt chloride paper?

Dry cobalt chloride paper is blue.

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Is the experimental leaf a monocot or a dicot? Explain.

Dicot leaf, as it has reticulate venation.

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Why are glass slides placed over the dry cobalt chloride papers in a transpiration experiment?

To prevent water vapor in the air from interfering with the experiment.

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What change would you expect to find in the cobalt chloride paper placed on the dorsal and ventral sides of the leaf after half an hour?

The cobalt chloride paper placed on the lower surface of the leaf will show more pink dots because there are more stomata on the underside. The upper surface has fewer stomata.

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Define the term 'transpiration'.

The loss of water as water vapor from the aerial parts of a plant.

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Cuticular Transpiration

The loss of water vapor through the cuticle, the waxy covering of leaves.

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Lenticel

Small openings in the corky tissue of woody stems that allow for gas exchange.

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Stomatal Transpiration

The loss of water vapor through the stomata, the tiny pores on leaves.

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Bleeding

The flow of plant sap from a cut or damaged area.

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Wilting

The collapse of leaves due to water loss exceeding water uptake.

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Season with highest transpiration

The season with the highest transpiration rate due to increased temperature and sunlight.

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Holes for transpiration

Holes present on the surface of stems and twigs that facilitate transpiration.

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What is the purpose of CaCl2 in the experiment?

Anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2) is used to absorb water vapor.

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Will the weight of the CaCl2 vials change after a few hours?

The weight of the CaCl2 vials will increase due to the absorption of water vapor released during transpiration.

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What is the purpose of the manometer in the experiment?

Manometers are used to measure pressure differences, in this case, they're used to monitor the difference in the amount of water vapor released from the two sides of the leaf.

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Define Transpiration.

Transpiration is the process of water loss in the form of water vapor from the aerial parts of plants, primarily through the stomata.

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Which beaker will show the greatest decrease in weight?

Beaker E would experience the greatest decrease in weight as it's exposed to strong light, promoting the most transpiration due to increased evaporation.

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Which beaker will show the least change in weight?

Beaker D, with leaves removed, will experience the least change in weight as there's no transpiration.

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Which plant will remain healthy for the longest time?

Plant A, the uncontrolled plant, will remain healthy the longest as it undergoes normal transpiration and water uptake.

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Which plant is the uncontrolled plant?

Plant A is the uncontrolled group in the experiment, acting as a baseline comparison to the other manipulated groups.

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Which beakers will show the greatest difference in weight?

The difference in weight will be greatest between beaker D (leaves removed, no transpiration) and beaker E (strong light, maximum transpiration).

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Name the apparatus shown in the diagram.

The apparatus is designed to study transpiration, likely using some method to measure water loss from a plant.

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Study Notes

Transpiration

  • Transpiration is a process where excess water is lost in the form of vapor from aerial parts of the plant.
  • Stomata are small openings on the underside of leaves that regulate water loss.

Types of Transpiration

  • Stomatal transpiration: 80-90% of total water loss, occurs through stomata.
  • Lenticular transpiration: 1-5% of total water loss, occurs through lenticels in woody stems and fruits.
  • Cuticular transpiration: Losses water through the cuticle, covering the leaves.

Transpiration Stream

  • Transpiration stream: The continuous flow of water through the xylem from roots to leaves, driven by the pull from transpiration.

Stomata Location and Functions

  • Stomata are located on the epidermis of leaves.
  • Guard cells regulate opening and closing of stomata, controlling gas exchange and transpiration.

Lenticels

  • Lenticels are small openings on stems of woody plants.
  • Allow for gas exchange and lenticular transpiration.

Factors Affecting Transpiration Rate

  • Light intensity: Higher intensity increases the rate.
  • Humidity: Higher humidity decreases the rate.
  • Wind: Higher wind speeds increase the rate.
  • Temperature: Higher temperatures increase the rate.
  • Water availability: Low water availability decreases the rate.

Advantages of Transpiration

  • Cooling effect (evaporative cooling)
  • Helps in absorption and transport of nutrients.
  • Helps maintain turgor pressure in plants.
  • Plays a role in mineral transport and distribution.

Disadvantages of Transpiration

  • Wilting of plants due to water loss
  • Reduced growth

Other Important Points

  • Plants wilt during midday because the water loss due to transpiration is faster than the water being absorbed by the roots.
  • Transpiration is important for plants to absorb and transport water and minerals.
  • Transpiration occurs for cooling the plant and maintains the transportation of water and nutrients.
  • Transpiration is a necessary process for plant survival but during harsh conditions, excessive loss can cause problems.

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Chapter 4. Transpiration PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on transpiration, the process through which plants lose water vapor. This quiz covers types of transpiration, the transpiration stream, and the functions of stomata and lenticels in plants. Perfect for students of botany and plant biology.

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