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Questions and Answers
What type of plant growth pattern is characterized by having precise morphology and a definite number of parts?
What is the term for the regulatory effects exerted by one part of the plant on the growth or development of another part?
What is the result of the stimulation of fruit growth by hormones produced in the developing seeds?
What is the term for the internal time-measuring system that controls many aspects of plant behavior?
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What is a characteristic of diurnal rise and fall of leaves?
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What is a criterion to distinguish simple periodic phenomena from rhythm driven by an endogenous clock?
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What is the result of the stimulation of fruit growth by hormones produced in the developing seeds on vegetative growth?
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What is a type of plant movement that is controlled by the biological clock?
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What is the term for the process by which buds or leaves stimulate the rooting of stem cuttings?
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What is the result of the increase in shoot bulk on the root system?
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Study Notes
Transpiration
- Transpiration is the process where water moves in liquid form in plants and is released in vapor form through aerial parts, mostly in leaves, to the atmosphere
- It is an energy-dependent process that involves the transformation of liquid to gas phase, requiring 540 cal g-1
- 97-99.5% of water taken up by plants is lost in transpiration
- Importance of transpiration:
- Keeps cells hydrated
- Maintains favorable turgor pressure for the transport of nutrients absorbed by the roots from the soil
Mineral Nutrition
- Plants are autotrophic, capable of making necessary organic compounds from inorganic compounds and elements in the environment
- Plants act as soil miners, obtaining essential elements from the soil
- Categories of plant nutrients:
- Essential
- Beneficial
- Macroelements
- Microelements
- Mobile
- Immobile
- Criteria of essentiality:
- If the nutrient is absent, the plant cannot complete its life cycle
- The function of the nutrient cannot be replaced by another element
- The nutrient must act directly in the metabolism of the plant
- Functions of essential elements:
- Structural components of biomolecules (e.g., N, P, Ca, Mg, S)
- Catalytic co-factors of enzymes (e.g., most micronutrients)
- Osmotic regulation of cellular hydration (e.g., K)
Growth, Differentiation, and Development
- Growth curve: cells/organs show a definite pattern of growth and differentiation
- Differentiation: the orderly process by which genetically identical cells become specialized, forming tissues and organs
- Dedifferentiation: the reversal of cell specialization, important in repairing injuries
- Morphogenesis: the orientation and integration of differentiated cells in space, resulting in the attainment of form and structure of the organism
- Determinate plants (e.g., corn, rice, mungbean) have a predetermined genetic blueprint, whereas indeterminate plants do not
Internal Growth Mechanisms
- Correlation effect: the regulatory effects exerted by one part of the plant on the growth or development in another part
- Organ differentiation: as the shoot increases in bulk, the size of the root system becomes proportionately larger
- Reduction in vegetative growth when the plant is fruiting
- Stimulation of fruit growth by hormones produced in the developing seeds
- Stimulating effects of buds/leaves on the rooting of stem cuttings
Endogenous Rhythms/Plant Movements
- The biological clock: an internal time-measuring system that controls many aspects of plant behavior, exhibiting periodic oscillations
- Manifestations:
- Diurnal rise and fall of leaves (sleep movements)
- Photosynthesis is diurnal
- Criteria to distinguish simple periodic phenomena and rhythm driven by an endogenous clock:
- Persists in the absence of external clues
- Can be reset by external signals such as light and temperature
- No lasting effect of temperature on the timing of the clock-driven rhythm
- Classification of biological rhythms:
- Circadian rhythms
- Diel rhythms
- Tidal rhythms
- Seasonal rhythms
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Description
Test your knowledge on plant physiology, specifically transpiration and respiration processes in plants, including how storage under high CO2 affects these processes. Learn about the energy-dependent process of transpiration and its role in plant growth. Assess your understanding of plant biology and its applications.
