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Questions and Answers
Which part of the stamen contains the microsporangia?
What is the result of meiosis in the megaspore mother cell?
What happens to the 3 small cells produced during megaspore formation?
What is the function of the style in the pistil?
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How many sperm cells are produced by the male gametophyte (pollen grain)?
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What is the function of the central cell in the female gametophyte?
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What is the name of the generation that the pollen tube with its contents makes up?
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What fuses with the egg cell to form the diploid zygote during pollination and fertilization?
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Which structure disintegrates after pollination and fertilization in the process described?
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In wind-pollinated flowers, what is the characteristic of the stamen compared to insect-pollinated flowers?
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Which type of flower typically produces a large quantity of pollen?
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What differentiates asexual reproduction from sexual reproduction?
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What is sexual reproduction in plants?
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What is the haploid phase in the alternation of generations in plants called?
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Which of the following is diploid in the plant life cycle?
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How does the gametophyte generation produce gametes?
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What is asexual reproduction in plants?
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At what stage does the plant life cycle alternate between haploid and diploid generations?
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What is the primary function of a flower in angiosperms?
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Which part of the angiosperm plant produces microspores?
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What is the term for the female reproductive part of an angiosperm?
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Which of the following statements about angiosperms is true?
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What is the primary role of the male reproductive part (stamen) in an angiosperm?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive structure (carpel/pistil) in angiosperms?
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Study Notes
Plant Reproduction
- Plant reproduction is the production of a new generation of individuals of the same species.
- There are two methods of plant reproduction: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
Sexual Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes to form a zygote.
- It occurs in two distinct phases or "generations" (Alternation of generations).
- The haploid gametophyte generation begins with a spore produced by meiosis.
- The gametophyte generation produces gametes by mitosis.
- Sexual reproduction then produces the diploid sporophyte generation.
Male Gametophyte Generation
- The male gametophyte generation consists of a stamen, which comprises an anther and filament.
- Meiosis of the diploid microspore mother cells in the anther produces four haploid microspores.
- Each microspore develops into a pollen grain, consisting of a larger tube cell and a smaller generative cell/germ cell.
- The germ cell divides by mitosis to produce two sperm cells.
Female Gametophyte Generation
- The female gametophyte generation consists of a carpel/pistil, which comprises a stigma, style, and ovary.
- Meiosis of the megaspore mother cell in each ovule produces four haploid cells: a large megaspore and three small cells that disintegrate.
- The nucleus of the megaspore undergoes three successive mitotic divisions, producing eight nuclei.
- The eight nuclei are distributed and partitioned off by cell walls to form the embryo sac, which is the mature female gametophyte generation.
Pollination and Fertilization
- When a pollen grain reaches the stigma, it germinates into a pollen tube.
- The germ cell divides by mitosis, forming two sperm cells.
- The sperm cells, along with the tube nucleus, migrate down the pollen tube as it grows through the style, micropyle, and into the ovule chamber.
- One sperm cell fuses with the egg cell, forming the diploid zygote.
- The other sperm cell fuses with the polar nuclei, forming the endosperm nucleus.
Seed and Fruits Dispersal
- Seed and fruits are structurally adapted for dispersal by air currents, water currents, and animals.
- Examples of dispersal mechanisms include exploding fruits, hitchhiking fruits, and airborne seeds and fruits with wings or plumes.
Wind-Pollinated vs Insect-Pollinated Flowers
- Wind-pollinated flowers have stamen hanging outside the flower to release pollen, feathery stigma to trap pollen, and produce a large quantity of pollen.
- Insect-pollinated flowers have stamens enclosed within the flower, a small stigma, and produce less pollen.
- Wind-pollinated flowers are non-scented and lack nectaries, while insect-pollinated flowers are scented and have nectaries.
Asexual Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction requires only a single parent and does not involve haploid gametes or meiosis.
- Asexual reproduction occurs by a single organism without the production of gametes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on plant reproduction with this quiz. Topics include methods of plant reproduction, parts of a flower, female and male reproductive parts, pollination, and fertilization. Get ready to differentiate between animal and plant life cycles!
