Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
It is a green pigment that plays a crucial role in converting sunlight energy into chemical energy.
What is the overall equation for respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
What are the four critical sections of respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three non-mineral nutrients essential for plant growth?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two main categories of mineral nutrients?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are fertilizers used in agriculture?
Signup and view all the answers
How do plants obtain mineral nutrients?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three primary nutrients essential for plant growth?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the secondary nutrients that are usually present in sufficient amounts in the soil?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the micronutrients essential for plant growth?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is recycling organic matter like grass clippings and tree leaves beneficial for plants?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the primary nutrients that are often lacking in the soil?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two ways in which substances can enter or leave a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process by which water flows through a partially permeable membrane from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to plant cells in a hypertonic solution?
Signup and view all the answers
How does active absorption occur in plant roots?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the importance of transpiration in plants?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of diffusion occurs in a cell when a molecule moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process by which plant cells become stiffer and more rigid due to an increase in water pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Plant Physiology
- There are two ways in which substances can enter or leave a cell: passive and active.
- Passive transport includes:
- Simple diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis (water only)
- Active transport involves the movement of molecules or particles against their concentration gradient.
Osmosis
- Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (down the water potential gradient).
- Plant cells in a hypertonic solution have higher water potential, causing the plant tissue to become flaccid and possibly plasmolysed.
- Plant cells in a hypotonic solution have lower water potential, causing the plant tissue to become stiffer (turgid).
Mechanism of Water Absorption
- Water absorption occurs through passive osmosis and active absorption in roots.
- Active absorption is further classified into different types.
Transpiration
- Transpiration is the "engine" that pulls water up from the roots to the rest of the plant.
- Environmental factors affecting the rate of transpiration include:
- Light
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Wind
- Soil water
Photosynthesis
- The equation for photosynthesis is: 6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Photosynthesis is the conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll.
Respiration
- The equation for respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
- Respiration has four sections of critical importance:
- Glycolysis
- Tri-Carboxylic Acid cycle
- Electron Transfer System
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
Plant Nutrients
- Sixteen chemical elements are essential for plant growth and survival, divided into two main groups: non-mineral and mineral.
- Non-mineral nutrients include hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and carbon (C), found in air and water.
- Mineral nutrients are divided into two groups: macronutrients and micronutrients, which come from the soil and are dissolved in water.
- Mineral nutrients can be lacking in the soil, so fertilizers are used to provide them.
- Recycling organic matter is an excellent way to provide micronutrients and macronutrients.
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
- Macronutrients are classified into primary and secondary nutrients.
- Primary nutrients include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), which are usually lacking in the soil.
- Secondary nutrients include calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), which are usually abundant in the soil.
- Micronutrients are essential for plant growth and are needed in small quantities, including boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chloride (Cl), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the basics of plant physiology, including the ways substances can enter or leave plant cells. Test your knowledge of plant physiology concepts.
