Plant Physiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

It is a green pigment that plays a crucial role in converting sunlight energy into chemical energy.

What is the overall equation for respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

What are the four critical sections of respiration?

Glycolysis, Tri-Carboxylic Acid cycle, Electron Transfer System, and Oxidative Phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three non-mineral nutrients essential for plant growth?

Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Carbon (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of mineral nutrients?

Macronutrients and micronutrients Signup and view all the answers

Why are fertilizers used in agriculture?

To provide necessary mineral nutrients for plant growth, as they may not always be available in sufficient quantities in the soil. Signup and view all the answers

How do plants obtain mineral nutrients?

Through absorption from the soil, which is dissolved in water, through their roots. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary nutrients essential for plant growth?

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) Signup and view all the answers

What are the secondary nutrients that are usually present in sufficient amounts in the soil?

Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?

Macronutrients are required in large amounts, while micronutrients are required in small quantities for plant growth. Signup and view all the answers

What are the micronutrients essential for plant growth?

Boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chloride (Cl), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) Signup and view all the answers

Why is recycling organic matter like grass clippings and tree leaves beneficial for plants?

It provides micronutrients and macronutrients for plant growth. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary nutrients that are often lacking in the soil?

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways in which substances can enter or leave a cell?

Passive and Active Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which water flows through a partially permeable membrane from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plant cells in a hypertonic solution?

The cells shrink and may become plasmolysed Signup and view all the answers

How does active absorption occur in plant roots?

Through active transport mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of transpiration in plants?

It is the 'engine' that pulls water up from the roots to the rest of the plant Signup and view all the answers

What are the environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration?

Light, temperature, humidity, and wind Signup and view all the answers

What type of diffusion occurs in a cell when a molecule moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Simple diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which plant cells become stiffer and more rigid due to an increase in water pressure?

Turgid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Physiology

There are two ways in which substances can enter or leave a cell: passive and active.
Passive transport includes:
- Simple diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis (water only)
Active transport involves the movement of molecules or particles against their concentration gradient.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (down the water potential gradient).
Plant cells in a hypertonic solution have higher water potential, causing the plant tissue to become flaccid and possibly plasmolysed.
Plant cells in a hypotonic solution have lower water potential, causing the plant tissue to become stiffer (turgid).

Mechanism of Water Absorption

Water absorption occurs through passive osmosis and active absorption in roots.
Active absorption is further classified into different types.

Transpiration

Transpiration is the "engine" that pulls water up from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Environmental factors affecting the rate of transpiration include:
- Light
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Wind
- Soil water

Photosynthesis

The equation for photosynthesis is: 6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis is the conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll.

Respiration

The equation for respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Respiration has four sections of critical importance:
- Glycolysis
- Tri-Carboxylic Acid cycle
- Electron Transfer System
- Oxidative Phosphorylation

Plant Nutrients

Sixteen chemical elements are essential for plant growth and survival, divided into two main groups: non-mineral and mineral.
Non-mineral nutrients include hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and carbon (C), found in air and water.
Mineral nutrients are divided into two groups: macronutrients and micronutrients, which come from the soil and are dissolved in water.
Mineral nutrients can be lacking in the soil, so fertilizers are used to provide them.
Recycling organic matter is an excellent way to provide micronutrients and macronutrients.

Macronutrients and Micronutrients

Macronutrients are classified into primary and secondary nutrients.
Primary nutrients include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), which are usually lacking in the soil.
Secondary nutrients include calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), which are usually abundant in the soil.
Micronutrients are essential for plant growth and are needed in small quantities, including boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chloride (Cl), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn).

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of plant physiology, including the ways substances can enter or leave plant cells. Test your knowledge of plant physiology concepts.