Plant Morphology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of brightly coloured petals in flowers?

  • To protect the flower from environmental stress
  • To provide structural support to the flower
  • To attract animals for seed dispersal
  • To attract insects for pollination (correct)

    • Aestivation refers to the arrangement of sepals or petals in a floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl.

    True

    Describe the type of aestivation in which the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction.

    Imbricate

    In pea and bean flowers, the type of aestivation is known as _______________________ or papilionaceous.

    <p>vexillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the united petals in a flower?

    <p>Gamopetalous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of aestivation with their descriptions:

    <p>Valvate = Sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping Twisted = One margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one and so on Imbricate = Margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction Vexillary = The largest petal overlaps the two lateral petals, which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The corolla is the outermost whorl of the flower.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shape of the corolla that is characteristic of flowers like china rose and lady’s finger?

    <p>Twisted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the flower is responsible for sexual reproduction?

    <p>Androecium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A flower with both stamens and carpels is called unisexual.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of symmetry in flowers?

    <p>Actinomorphic and Zygomorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flowers can be classified based on their reproductive parts as _____ or _____ flowers.

    <p>bisexual; unisexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following flower types with their symmetry:

    <p>Mustard = Actinomorphic Pea = Zygomorphic Canna = Asymmetric Bean = Zygomorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flower has both calyx and corolla that are not distinct?

    <p>Lily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An asymmetric flower can be divided into two equal radial halves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the swollen end of the stalk where whorls of a flower are arranged?

    <p>Thalamus or receptacle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A flower that can be divided into two equal halves in any radial plane is termed _____ flower.

    <p>actinomorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of the flower?

    <p>Flowers are modified shoots meant for sexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A monocotyledonous seed contains only one cotyledon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of leaves based on the arrangement of leaflets?

    <p>Pinnately compound and palmately compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovary becomes the ______ after fertilization.

    <p>fruit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following floral terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Aestivation = Arrangement of sepals or petals in bud Placentation = Arrangement of ovules within ovary Actinomorphic = Regular flower with symmetrical parts Zygomorphic = Irregular flower with asymmetrical parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of flowers that can aid in classification?

    <p>Type of soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fruits are developed from the ovules after fertilization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phyllotaxy?

    <p>The arrangement of leaves on a stem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Structures and Functions

    • Roots in certain plants are modified for food storage, mechanical support, and respiration.
    • The shoot system consists of stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, facilitating growth and reproduction.
    • Stems can be identified by nodes, internodes, multicellular hairs, and their phototropic response.
    • Leaves are outgrowths of stems, developing externally at nodes, and are primarily green to enable photosynthesis.
    • Leaf morphology varies significantly in shape, size, margin, apex, and incision depth of the lamina.
    • Flowers are modified shoots that play a crucial role in sexual reproduction with diverse structures and arrangements.

    Floral Structure and Classification

    • Flowers are organized into inflorescences and exhibit a wide range of characteristics, including symmetry and attribute arrangements (petals, sepals, ovules).
    • After fertilization, the ovary develops into fruits, and ovules form seeds.
    • Seeds are categorized as either monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous, varying in shape, size, and viability duration.
    • Floral characteristics are vital for classifying and identifying flowering plants, presented using scientific terminology and illustrated through floral diagrams and formulas.

    Flower Anatomy

    • A typical flower comprises four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium, arranged on the thalamus (receptacle) of the stalk (pedicel).
    • Calyx and corolla serve as accessory organs, while androecium and gynoecium are the main reproductive structures.
    • Perianth refers to flowers where calyx and corolla are not distinctly separated.

    Flower Symmetry and Types

    • Flowers may be bisexual (both androecium and gynoecium present) or unisexual (only one type).
    • Symmetry classification:
      • Actinomorphic (radial symmetry): Can be divided into equal halves in multiple planes (e.g., mustard).
      • Zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry): Divided equally in one vertical plane (e.g., pea).
      • Asymmetric: Cannot be divided into equal halves (e.g., canna).

    Petals and Their Function

    • Petals are often bright-colored to attract pollinators and can be either gamopetalous (united) or polypetalous (free).
    • Corolla shapes include tubular, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, and wheel-shaped.

    Aestivation Types

    • Aestivation refers to the arrangement of sepals or petals in a floral bud.
    • Main types of aestivation:
      • Valvate: Margins of appendages touch without overlapping (e.g., Calotropis).
      • Twisted: Margins overlap successively (e.g., china rose).
      • Imbricate: Margins overlap in no specific direction (e.g., Cassia).
      • Vexillary: Specific overlapping pattern in pea and bean flowers, with one large petal overlapping two lateral ones.

    These notes encapsulate the essential elements concerning plant structures, functions, and flower anatomy, crucial for understanding plant biology.

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