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Questions and Answers
What is the main objective of the Plant Metabolism course?
What is the main objective of the Plant Metabolism course?
The objective of this course is to expose the students to various metabolic processes involved with plant life.
Which of the following is NOT a topic covered under the concept of metabolism?
Which of the following is NOT a topic covered under the concept of metabolism?
- Catabolic pathways
- Anabolic pathways
- Synthesis of sucrose and starch (correct)
- Regulation of metabolism
Name two types of photosynthetic pigments discussed in the context of carbon assimilation.
Name two types of photosynthetic pigments discussed in the context of carbon assimilation.
Chlorophylls and accessory pigments
Which of the following is associated with carbon assimilation?
Which of the following is associated with carbon assimilation?
Carbohydrate metabolism mainly involves the synthesis and breakdown of lipids.
Carbohydrate metabolism mainly involves the synthesis and breakdown of lipids.
Give an example of what happens during carbohydrate metabolism
Give an example of what happens during carbohydrate metabolism
Which of the following is the first step in carbon oxidation?
Which of the following is the first step in carbon oxidation?
Name one product related to Glycolysis?
Name one product related to Glycolysis?
Cyanide-resistant respiration is a factor affecting carbon oxidation.
Cyanide-resistant respiration is a factor affecting carbon oxidation.
What is the central focus of ATP-synthesis?
What is the central focus of ATP-synthesis?
Which mechanism is involved in ATP synthesis(oxidative and photophosphorylation)?
Which mechanism is involved in ATP synthesis(oxidative and photophosphorylation)?
ATP synthase is part of which process?
ATP synthase is part of which process?
Lipid metabolism involves solely the synthesis of triglycerides.
Lipid metabolism involves solely the synthesis of triglycerides.
Which of the following is a process involved in lipid metabolism?
Which of the following is a process involved in lipid metabolism?
What role does gluconeogenesis play in lipid mobilization during seed germination?
What role does gluconeogenesis play in lipid mobilization during seed germination?
Flashcards
Metabolism
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes occurring in a living organism.
Anabolic Pathways
Anabolic Pathways
Pathways that build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.
Catabolic Pathways
Catabolic Pathways
Pathways that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
Allosteric Enzymes
Allosteric Enzymes
Enzymes that change conformation upon binding a modulator, affecting activity.
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Covalent Modulation
Covalent Modulation
Enzymes regulated by the addition or removal of chemical groups (e.g., phosphorylation).
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Isozymes
Isozymes
Different forms of the same enzyme, catalyzing the same reaction but with different properties.
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Photosynthetic Pigments
Photosynthetic Pigments
Light-absorbing molecules in plants that capture solar energy.
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Antenna Molecules
Antenna Molecules
Light-harvesting complexes that transfer energy to the reaction center.
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Reaction Centers
Reaction Centers
The site where photochemical reactions occur, converting light energy to chemical energy.
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Photochemical Reactions
Photochemical Reactions
Refers to the splitting of water and release of oxygen during photosynthesis.
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Photosynthetic Electron Transport
Photosynthetic Electron Transport
A series of protein complexes that transfer electrons to create a proton gradient, driving ATP synthesis.
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Q Cycle
Q Cycle
A cyclic process in photosynthesis that increases ATP production but doesn't produce NADPH.
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Photorespiration
Photorespiration
A metabolic pathway in plants that reduces photosynthetic efficiency by oxidizing RuBP.
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C4 Pathway
C4 Pathway
A pathway to concentrate CO2 in the bundle sheath cells to avoid photorespiration.
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Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
A carbon fixation pathway in desert plants where CO2 is stored as organic acids at night.
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis
A metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate.
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A metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis that produces NADPH and pentoses.
A metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis that produces NADPH and pentoses.
Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway
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A series of reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA to produce CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
A series of reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA to produce CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle
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Reactions that replenish TCA cycle intermediates.
Reactions that replenish TCA cycle intermediates.
Anaplerotic reactions
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The process by which ATP is synthesized using the energy of a proton gradient.
The process by which ATP is synthesized using the energy of a proton gradient.
Chemiosmotic mechanism
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- Core Course XIII: Plant Metabolism aims to expose students to various metabolic processes in plant life.
- The course includes 60 lectures, with credits split between theory (4) and practical (2).
Unit 1: Concept of Metabolism (6 lectures)
- Introduction covers anabolic and catabolic pathways.
- Focus on the regulation of metabolism.
- Role of regulatory enzymes, including allosteric enzymes, covalent modulation, and isozymes is examined.
Unit 2: Carbon Assimilation (14 lectures)
- Covers the historical background of carbon assimilation.
- Discusses photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophylls and accessory pigments.
- Explores the role of photosynthetic pigments.
- Topics include antenna molecules, reaction centers, and photochemical reactions.
- Covers photosynthetic electron transport, including PSI, PSII, and the Q cycle.
- Explores CO2 reduction and photorespiration.
- Includes C4 pathways and Crassulacean acid metabolism.
- Factors affecting CO2 reduction are considered.
Unit 3: Carbohydrate Metabolism (2 lectures)
- Synthesis and catabolism of sucrose and starch examined.
Unit 4: Carbon Oxidation (10 lectures)
- Glycolysis and the fate of pyruvate are examined.
- Regulation of glycolysis.
- Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway.
- Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate.
- Regulation of PDH.
- The NADH shuttle and the TCA cycle.
- The amphibolic role of the TCA cycle and anaplerotic reactions.
- Considers the regulation of the cycle and mitochondrial electron transport.
- Oxidative phosphorylation and cyanide-resistant respiration covered.
- Factors affecting respiration.
Unit 5: ATP-Synthesis (8 lectures)
- Examines the mechanism of ATP synthesis.
- Substrate-level phosphorylation.
- Chemiosmotic mechanism, including oxidative and photophosphorylation.
- ATP synthase and Boyer's conformational model.
- Racker's experiment and Jagendorf's experiment.
- Role of uncouplers.
Unit 6: Lipid Metabolism (8 lectures)
- Synthesis and breakdown of triglycerides are examined.
- Beta-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle.
- Gluconeogenesis and its role in the mobilization of lipids during seed germination.
- Alpha-oxidation.
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