Plant Life Cycle and Reproduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the reproductive cycle in flowering plants?

To give rise to another organism of its kind (correct)

To create more leaves

To enhance photosynthesis

To produce fruits

A microsporocyte undergoes mitosis to produce four haploid microspores.

False

What are the two main phases of the plant life cycle?

Diploid phase and Haploid phase

The tissue surrounding the megasporocyte in the ovule is called the ______.

nucellus Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when one sperm cell unites with the egg cell during double fertilization?

Diploid zygote Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the embryo sac with their descriptions:

Synergids = Help guide the pollen tube Egg cell = Fertilized to form a zygote Polar nuclei = May form a diploid fusion nucleus Antipodal cells = Located at the opposite end of the egg cell Signup and view all the answers

Epigean germination occurs when the cotyledons remain below soil level.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a result of the mitotic division of the generative cell?

Two sperm cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the synergids and antipodal cells after fertilization?

They degenerate. Signup and view all the answers

Upon landing on a receptive stigma, the pollen grain forms a pollen tube to aid in fertilization.

True Signup and view all the answers

The pollen tube carries the tube nucleus and two __________ cells to the embryo sac.

sperm Signup and view all the answers

The functional megaspore undergoes three successive ______ divisions to form the female gametophyte.

mitotic Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pollination involves the transfer of pollen from one plant to another?

Cross-Pollination Signup and view all the answers

Match the pollination agents with their corresponding types.

Insects = Entomophilous Wind = Anemophilous Water = Hydrophilous Animals = Zoophilous Signup and view all the answers

During pollen tube growth, the tip penetrates the ovule.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endosperm formed during double fertilization?

Nutritional support for the developing embryo. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Life Cycle

Plant life cycle involves a series of events leading to the creation of a new plant.
Two main phases exist: diplophase (2n) and haplophase (n).
Sporophyte (2n): A plant that produces spores (haploid).
Gametophyte (n): A plant that produces gametes (n).

Flower Reproductive Cycle

Development of Pollen Grains:
- Microsporocytes (microspore mother cells) form in the anther.
- Meiosis creates four haploid microspores.
- Each microspore undergoes mitosis, forming a generative cell and tube cell.
- The generative cell divides to form two sperm cells.
Development of Embryo Sac:
- Megasporocyte (megaspore mother cell) develops in the ovule.
- Meiosis produces four haploid megaspores, three degenerate, one survives.
- Mitosis results in the female gametophyte (embryo sac).
- The embryo sac contains synergids, an egg, polar nuclei, and antipodal cells.

Fertilization and Seed Development

Double Fertilization:
- One sperm fertilizes the egg, creating a diploid zygote (2n).
- The other sperm fuses with polar nuclei, forming a triploid primary endosperm cell (3n).
Seed Structure:
- Embryo (2n): Develops from the zygote.
- Endosperm (3n): Nutritive tissue, may be consumed by embryo.
- Parts of ovule: Integuments and stored food (cotyledons).
Pollination: Transfer of pollen grains to receptive stigma, crucial for reproduction.
Self-pollination: Pollen transferred within the same flower or plant.
Cross-pollination: Pollen transferred between different plants.
Agents of Pollination:
- Insects (entomophilous flowers)
- Wind (anemophilous flowers)
- Animals (zoophilous flowers)
- Water (hydrophilous flowers)
Germination: Resumption of embryonic growth after dispersal.
- Epigeal: Cotyledons lifted above the soil.
- Hypogeal: Cotyledons remain underground.

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Description

Explore the fascinating stages of the plant life cycle, including the diplophase and haplophase phases. This quiz covers the development of pollen grains, embryo sacs, and the process of fertilization leading to seed development. Test your knowledge of these vital processes in plant biology.