RESPONDING TO THE ENVIRONMENT (PLANTS)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of mechanical defense employed by plants?

  • Spines
  • Prickles
  • Thorns
  • Volatile organic compounds (correct)

What is the main purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

  • Attracting herbivores
  • Aiding in photosynthesis
  • Limiting the spread of infections (correct)
  • Synthesis of flowers

Which of the following is NOT a function of prickles in plants?

  • Deter animals from eating them
  • Provide shade to the plant (correct)
  • Minimize water loss
  • Mechanical barrier against herbivores

What is the function of spines in plants like cacti?

<p>Reducing water loss in arid environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do thorns differ from prickles in plants?

<p>Thorns are part of the plant's vascular system, while prickles are not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants?

<p>Preventing herbivores from consuming their tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding plant defense mechanisms crucial for agriculture?

<p>To develop effective pest and disease management strategies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes phytoalexins?

<p>Antimicrobial compounds limiting infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do volatile organic compounds protect plants from herbivores?

<p>By attracting predators of herbivores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do thorns help protect plants?

<p>By making it difficult for large herbivores to reach softer parts of the plant without injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of auxins in plants?

<p>Promotion of cell elongation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are auxins primarily produced in plants?

<p>Stem tips and root tips (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What growth processes in plants are auxins involved in?

<p>Phototropism and geotropism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to lateral buds when auxin is present at the stem's tip?

<p>They are inhibited from growing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of apical dominance, what do auxins inhibit in a plant?

<p>Lateral bud growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone stimulates stem elongation and seed germination?

<p>Gibberellins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do gibberellins stimulate elongation in plants?

<p>Stems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Apical dominance' refers to the phenomenon where:

<p>'Auxins' inhibit lateral bud growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

<p>'Growth toward light' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Geotropism' in plants refers to:

<p>'Growth in response to gravity' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is involved in breaking seed dormancy and initiating germination?

<p>Gibberellins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Abscisic Acid (ABA) in seed dormancy?

<p>Ensures seeds only germinate under optimal conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control?

<p>Selectively kill broad-leaved weeds without harming grass or crops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

<p>Deter herbivores due to toxic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth response is primarily controlled by auxins in plants?

<p>Geotropism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do tannins defend plants against herbivores?

<p>Bind to proteins, making them indigestible to animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gibberellins in plant biology?

<p>Initiating germination and fruit development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is termed the 'stress hormone' due to its involvement in stress responses and seed dormancy promotion?

<p>Abscisic Acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of auxins in plants?

<p>Inhibit lateral bud growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are gibberellins primarily produced in plants?

<p>Stem tips (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of gibberellins in plant biology?

<p>Promote flowering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth response is NOT controlled by auxins in plants?

<p>Root strengthening (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of removing the apical tip of a plant on lateral bud growth?

<p>Promotes lateral bud growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Apical dominance' in plants refers to the phenomenon where:

<p>The main stem suppresses growth of lateral buds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

<p>Growth towards light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

<p>Limiting the spread of infections caused by pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns in plants?

<p>Prickles make it difficult for animals to reach leaves, while thorns reduce leaf surface area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants produce volatile organic compounds?

<p>To attract predators or parasitoids of their herbivores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of spines in plants like cacti?

<p>To reduce water loss in arid environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants help with defense?

<p>By trapping insects and making it hard for them to feed on plant tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do thorns play in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>Providing a sharp barrier against large herbivores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of understanding plant defense mechanisms in agriculture?

<p>To develop more effective strategies for pest and disease management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes spines from prickles in plants?

<p>Spines are outgrowths from the epidermis or cortex, while prickles are modified branches. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do mechanical defenses like thorns have on herbivores?

<p>They serve as a painful barrier against herbivore feeding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do phytoalexins contribute to plant survival?

<p>By synthesizing antimicrobial compounds to limit pathogen spread. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is often referred to as the 'stress hormone' due to its involvement in stress responses, seed dormancy promotion, and leaf drop?

<p>Abscisic Acid (ABA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synthetic auxins in weed control?

<p>Selectively killing broad-leaved weeds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth response in plants is primarily controlled by gibberellins?

<p>Flowering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

<p>Deterring herbivores through toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves auxin accumulation on the shaded side of a plant, causing it to bend towards the light source?

<p>Phototropism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tannins in defending plants against herbivores?

<p>Binding to proteins and reducing nutritional value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control effectively?

<p>By selectively killing broad-leaved weeds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone ensures seeds only germinate under optimal conditions by promoting seed dormancy?

<p>Abscisic Acid (ABA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gibberellins in plants?

<p>Stimulate stem elongation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do auxins contribute to plant growth?

<p>Regulate fruit development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do auxins affect geotropism in plants?

<p>Promote root growth downwards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth process in plants is NOT directly influenced by auxins?

<p>Phototropism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does removing the apical tip of a plant have on lateral bud growth?

<p>Promotes lateral bud growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone plays a significant role in seed germination and leaf drop?

<p>Gibberellins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of auxins in plant biology?

<p>Facilitate cell elongation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do gibberellins contribute to fruit development in plants?

<p>Stimulate fruit enlargement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of auxins on apical dominance in plants?

<p>Stimulate lateral bud growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant growth process is primarily controlled by gibberellins?

<p>Seed germination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanism do plants primarily use to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens?

<p>Structural defenses like thorns and spines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tannins in defending plants against herbivores?

<p>Deterring herbivores by their bitter taste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do alkaloids defend plants against herbivores and insects?

<p>By directly attacking the herbivores' nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nicotine in tobacco plants as a chemical defense?

<p>Deterring herbivores due to its toxic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is involved in preparing the plant for winter by promoting leaf drop in autumn?

<p>Abscisic Acid (ABA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control without harming crops or grass?

<p>Through selective herbicide action targeting broad-leaved weeds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phytoalexins in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>Fighting against microbial pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do thorns differ from prickles in terms of plant defense mechanisms?

<p>Thorns are modified leaves while prickles are modified stems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

<p>'Bending towards the source of light' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gibberellins in plants?

<p>Stimulating fruit development without fertilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of phytoalexins in plants?

<p>Limiting the spread of infections caused by pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>Thorns are part of the plant's vascular system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of spines in plants like cacti?

<p>Reduce water loss in arid environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of volatile organic compounds produced by plants?

<p>They attract predators or parasitoids of herbivores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mechanical defenses like thorns, spines, and prickles from chemical defenses?

<p>Mechanical defenses involve physical structures while chemical defenses involve signaling molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants aid in defense?

<p>Making it difficult for insects to consume plant tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do thorns primarily contribute to plant defense mechanisms?

<p>Act as a sharp barrier against large herbivores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

<p>Serving as a deterrent to pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>Prickles are outgrowths from the epidermis or cortex, while thorns are modified branches or stems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of spines in cacti plants?

<p>Reducing water loss and providing shade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do volatile organic compounds produced by some plants aid in defense?

<p>Repelling predators and parasitoids of herbivores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

<p>Deterring herbivores and insects through toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants help with defense?

<p>Making it challenging for insects to navigate plant surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Apical dominance' in plants refers to:

<p>The inhibition of lateral bud growth by auxins at the stem tip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Geotropism' in plants refers to:

<p>The gravitropic response where roots grow downward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

<p>The bending of plants towards light sources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do thorns differ from prickles and spines?

<p>Thorns are outgrowths attached to the epidermis, while prickles are sharp-pointed structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

<p>To limit the spread of infections in response to pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>Prickles are not part of the vascular system, while thorns are modified branches or stems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of spines in plants like cacti?

<p>To minimize water loss in arid environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some plants produce volatile organic compounds?

<p>To deter predators of herbivores by attracting them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>To provide a barrier against large herbivores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In plant biology, what is the primary purpose of mechanical defenses like spines and prickles?

<p>To deter herbivores from consuming plant tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sticky or slippery substances secreted by some plants help in defense?

<p>By making it difficult for insects and herbivores to navigate plant surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of phytoalexins?

<p>To synthesize antimicrobial compounds against pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do thorns primarily achieve as a plant defense mechanism?

<p>Deterring herbivores from consuming plant tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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