RESPONDING TO THE ENVIRONMENT (PLANTS)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of mechanical defense employed by plants?

  • Spines
  • Prickles
  • Thorns
  • Volatile organic compounds (correct)

    • What is the main purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

  • Attracting herbivores
  • Aiding in photosynthesis
  • Limiting the spread of infections (correct)
  • Synthesis of flowers

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of prickles in plants?

  • Deter animals from eating them
  • Provide shade to the plant (correct)
  • Minimize water loss
  • Mechanical barrier against herbivores

    • What is the function of spines in plants like cacti?

    <p>Reducing water loss in arid environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do thorns differ from prickles in plants?

    <p>Thorns are part of the plant's vascular system, while prickles are not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants?

    <p>Preventing herbivores from consuming their tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding plant defense mechanisms crucial for agriculture?

    <p>To develop effective pest and disease management strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes phytoalexins?

    <p>Antimicrobial compounds limiting infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volatile organic compounds protect plants from herbivores?

    <p>By attracting predators of herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do thorns help protect plants?

    <p>By making it difficult for large herbivores to reach softer parts of the plant without injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of auxins in plants?

    <p>Promotion of cell elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are auxins primarily produced in plants?

    <p>Stem tips and root tips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What growth processes in plants are auxins involved in?

    <p>Phototropism and geotropism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lateral buds when auxin is present at the stem's tip?

    <p>They are inhibited from growing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of apical dominance, what do auxins inhibit in a plant?

    <p>Lateral bud growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone stimulates stem elongation and seed germination?

    <p>Gibberellins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do gibberellins stimulate elongation in plants?

    <p>Stems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Apical dominance' refers to the phenomenon where:

    <p>'Auxins' inhibit lateral bud growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

    <p>'Growth toward light'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Geotropism' in plants refers to:

    <p>'Growth in response to gravity'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is involved in breaking seed dormancy and initiating germination?

    <p>Gibberellins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Abscisic Acid (ABA) in seed dormancy?

    <p>Ensures seeds only germinate under optimal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control?

    <p>Selectively kill broad-leaved weeds without harming grass or crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

    <p>Deter herbivores due to toxic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth response is primarily controlled by auxins in plants?

    <p>Geotropism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do tannins defend plants against herbivores?

    <p>Bind to proteins, making them indigestible to animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gibberellins in plant biology?

    <p>Initiating germination and fruit development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is termed the 'stress hormone' due to its involvement in stress responses and seed dormancy promotion?

    <p>Abscisic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of auxins in plants?

    <p>Inhibit lateral bud growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are gibberellins primarily produced in plants?

    <p>Stem tips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of gibberellins in plant biology?

    <p>Promote flowering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth response is NOT controlled by auxins in plants?

    <p>Root strengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of removing the apical tip of a plant on lateral bud growth?

    <p>Promotes lateral bud growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Apical dominance' in plants refers to the phenomenon where:

    <p>The main stem suppresses growth of lateral buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

    <p>Growth towards light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

    <p>Limiting the spread of infections caused by pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prickles differ from thorns in plants?

    <p>Prickles make it difficult for animals to reach leaves, while thorns reduce leaf surface area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plants produce volatile organic compounds?

    <p>To attract predators or parasitoids of their herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of spines in plants like cacti?

    <p>To reduce water loss in arid environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants help with defense?

    <p>By trapping insects and making it hard for them to feed on plant tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do thorns play in plant defense mechanisms?

    <p>Providing a sharp barrier against large herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of understanding plant defense mechanisms in agriculture?

    <p>To develop more effective strategies for pest and disease management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes spines from prickles in plants?

    <p>Spines are outgrowths from the epidermis or cortex, while prickles are modified branches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do mechanical defenses like thorns have on herbivores?

    <p>They serve as a painful barrier against herbivore feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do phytoalexins contribute to plant survival?

    <p>By synthesizing antimicrobial compounds to limit pathogen spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is often referred to as the 'stress hormone' due to its involvement in stress responses, seed dormancy promotion, and leaf drop?

    <p>Abscisic Acid (ABA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of synthetic auxins in weed control?

    <p>Selectively killing broad-leaved weeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth response in plants is primarily controlled by gibberellins?

    <p>Flowering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

    <p>Deterring herbivores through toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves auxin accumulation on the shaded side of a plant, causing it to bend towards the light source?

    <p>Phototropism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tannins in defending plants against herbivores?

    <p>Binding to proteins and reducing nutritional value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control effectively?

    <p>By selectively killing broad-leaved weeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone ensures seeds only germinate under optimal conditions by promoting seed dormancy?

    <p>Abscisic Acid (ABA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gibberellins in plants?

    <p>Stimulate stem elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do auxins contribute to plant growth?

    <p>Regulate fruit development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do auxins affect geotropism in plants?

    <p>Promote root growth downwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth process in plants is NOT directly influenced by auxins?

    <p>Phototropism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does removing the apical tip of a plant have on lateral bud growth?

    <p>Promotes lateral bud growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone plays a significant role in seed germination and leaf drop?

    <p>Gibberellins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of auxins in plant biology?

    <p>Facilitate cell elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do gibberellins contribute to fruit development in plants?

    <p>Stimulate fruit enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of auxins on apical dominance in plants?

    <p>Stimulate lateral bud growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant growth process is primarily controlled by gibberellins?

    <p>Seed germination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanism do plants primarily use to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens?

    <p>Structural defenses like thorns and spines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tannins in defending plants against herbivores?

    <p>Deterring herbivores by their bitter taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do alkaloids defend plants against herbivores and insects?

    <p>By directly attacking the herbivores' nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nicotine in tobacco plants as a chemical defense?

    <p>Deterring herbivores due to its toxic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is involved in preparing the plant for winter by promoting leaf drop in autumn?

    <p>Abscisic Acid (ABA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control without harming crops or grass?

    <p>Through selective herbicide action targeting broad-leaved weeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of phytoalexins in plant defense mechanisms?

    <p>Fighting against microbial pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do thorns differ from prickles in terms of plant defense mechanisms?

    <p>Thorns are modified leaves while prickles are modified stems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

    <p>'Bending towards the source of light'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gibberellins in plants?

    <p>Stimulating fruit development without fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of phytoalexins in plants?

    <p>Limiting the spread of infections caused by pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

    <p>Thorns are part of the plant's vascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of spines in plants like cacti?

    <p>Reduce water loss in arid environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of volatile organic compounds produced by plants?

    <p>They attract predators or parasitoids of herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes mechanical defenses like thorns, spines, and prickles from chemical defenses?

    <p>Mechanical defenses involve physical structures while chemical defenses involve signaling molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants aid in defense?

    <p>Making it difficult for insects to consume plant tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do thorns primarily contribute to plant defense mechanisms?

    <p>Act as a sharp barrier against large herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

    <p>Serving as a deterrent to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

    <p>Prickles are outgrowths from the epidermis or cortex, while thorns are modified branches or stems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of spines in cacti plants?

    <p>Reducing water loss and providing shade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volatile organic compounds produced by some plants aid in defense?

    <p>Repelling predators and parasitoids of herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

    <p>Deterring herbivores and insects through toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants help with defense?

    <p>Making it challenging for insects to navigate plant surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Apical dominance' in plants refers to:

    <p>The inhibition of lateral bud growth by auxins at the stem tip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Geotropism' in plants refers to:

    <p>The gravitropic response where roots grow downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

    <p>The bending of plants towards light sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do thorns differ from prickles and spines?

    <p>Thorns are outgrowths attached to the epidermis, while prickles are sharp-pointed structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

    <p>To limit the spread of infections in response to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

    <p>Prickles are not part of the vascular system, while thorns are modified branches or stems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of spines in plants like cacti?

    <p>To minimize water loss in arid environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some plants produce volatile organic compounds?

    <p>To deter predators of herbivores by attracting them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

    <p>To provide a barrier against large herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In plant biology, what is the primary purpose of mechanical defenses like spines and prickles?

    <p>To deter herbivores from consuming plant tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sticky or slippery substances secreted by some plants help in defense?

    <p>By making it difficult for insects and herbivores to navigate plant surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of phytoalexins?

    <p>To synthesize antimicrobial compounds against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do thorns primarily achieve as a plant defense mechanism?

    <p>Deterring herbivores from consuming plant tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

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