RESPONDING TO THE ENVIRONMENT (PLANTS)

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Which of the following is NOT a type of mechanical defense employed by plants?

Spines

Prickles

Thorns

Volatile organic compounds (correct)

What is the main purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

Attracting herbivores

Aiding in photosynthesis

Limiting the spread of infections (correct)

Synthesis of flowers

Which of the following is NOT a function of prickles in plants?

Deter animals from eating them

Provide shade to the plant (correct)

Minimize water loss

Mechanical barrier against herbivores

What is the function of spines in plants like cacti?

Reducing water loss in arid environments Signup and view all the answers

How do thorns differ from prickles in plants?

Thorns are part of the plant's vascular system, while prickles are not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants?

Preventing herbivores from consuming their tissues Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding plant defense mechanisms crucial for agriculture?

To develop effective pest and disease management strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes phytoalexins?

Antimicrobial compounds limiting infections Signup and view all the answers

How do volatile organic compounds protect plants from herbivores?

By attracting predators of herbivores Signup and view all the answers

In what way do thorns help protect plants?

By making it difficult for large herbivores to reach softer parts of the plant without injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of auxins in plants?

Promotion of cell elongation Signup and view all the answers

Where are auxins primarily produced in plants?

Stem tips and root tips Signup and view all the answers

What growth processes in plants are auxins involved in?

Phototropism and geotropism Signup and view all the answers

What happens to lateral buds when auxin is present at the stem's tip?

They are inhibited from growing Signup and view all the answers

In terms of apical dominance, what do auxins inhibit in a plant?

Lateral bud growth Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone stimulates stem elongation and seed germination?

Gibberellins Signup and view all the answers

Where do gibberellins stimulate elongation in plants?

Stems Signup and view all the answers

'Apical dominance' refers to the phenomenon where:

'Auxins' inhibit lateral bud growth Signup and view all the answers

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

'Growth toward light' Signup and view all the answers

'Geotropism' in plants refers to:

'Growth in response to gravity' Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is involved in breaking seed dormancy and initiating germination?

Gibberellins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Abscisic Acid (ABA) in seed dormancy?

Ensures seeds only germinate under optimal conditions Signup and view all the answers

How do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control?

Selectively kill broad-leaved weeds without harming grass or crops Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

Deter herbivores due to toxic effects Signup and view all the answers

Which growth response is primarily controlled by auxins in plants?

Geotropism Signup and view all the answers

In what way do tannins defend plants against herbivores?

Bind to proteins, making them indigestible to animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gibberellins in plant biology?

Initiating germination and fruit development Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is termed the 'stress hormone' due to its involvement in stress responses and seed dormancy promotion?

Abscisic Acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of auxins in plants?

Inhibit lateral bud growth Signup and view all the answers

Where are gibberellins primarily produced in plants?

Stem tips Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of gibberellins in plant biology?

Promote flowering Signup and view all the answers

Which growth response is NOT controlled by auxins in plants?

Root strengthening Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of removing the apical tip of a plant on lateral bud growth?

Promotes lateral bud growth Signup and view all the answers

'Apical dominance' in plants refers to the phenomenon where:

The main stem suppresses growth of lateral buds Signup and view all the answers

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

Growth towards light Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

Limiting the spread of infections caused by pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns in plants?

Prickles make it difficult for animals to reach leaves, while thorns reduce leaf surface area. Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants produce volatile organic compounds?

To attract predators or parasitoids of their herbivores Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of spines in plants like cacti?

To reduce water loss in arid environments Signup and view all the answers

How do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants help with defense?

By trapping insects and making it hard for them to feed on plant tissues Signup and view all the answers

What role do thorns play in plant defense mechanisms?

Providing a sharp barrier against large herbivores Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of understanding plant defense mechanisms in agriculture?

To develop more effective strategies for pest and disease management Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes spines from prickles in plants?

Spines are outgrowths from the epidermis or cortex, while prickles are modified branches. Signup and view all the answers

What effect do mechanical defenses like thorns have on herbivores?

They serve as a painful barrier against herbivore feeding. Signup and view all the answers

In what way do phytoalexins contribute to plant survival?

By synthesizing antimicrobial compounds to limit pathogen spread. Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is often referred to as the 'stress hormone' due to its involvement in stress responses, seed dormancy promotion, and leaf drop?

Abscisic Acid (ABA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synthetic auxins in weed control?

Selectively killing broad-leaved weeds Signup and view all the answers

Which growth response in plants is primarily controlled by gibberellins?

Flowering Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

Deterring herbivores through toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves auxin accumulation on the shaded side of a plant, causing it to bend towards the light source?

Phototropism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tannins in defending plants against herbivores?

Binding to proteins and reducing nutritional value Signup and view all the answers

In what way do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control effectively?

By selectively killing broad-leaved weeds Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone ensures seeds only germinate under optimal conditions by promoting seed dormancy?

Abscisic Acid (ABA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gibberellins in plants?

Stimulate stem elongation Signup and view all the answers

In what way do auxins contribute to plant growth?

Regulate fruit development Signup and view all the answers

How do auxins affect geotropism in plants?

Promote root growth downwards Signup and view all the answers

Which growth process in plants is NOT directly influenced by auxins?

Phototropism Signup and view all the answers

What effect does removing the apical tip of a plant have on lateral bud growth?

Promotes lateral bud growth Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone plays a significant role in seed germination and leaf drop?

Gibberellins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of auxins in plant biology?

Facilitate cell elongation Signup and view all the answers

How do gibberellins contribute to fruit development in plants?

Stimulate fruit enlargement Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of auxins on apical dominance in plants?

Stimulate lateral bud growth Signup and view all the answers

Which plant growth process is primarily controlled by gibberellins?

Seed germination Signup and view all the answers

Which defense mechanism do plants primarily use to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens?

Structural defenses like thorns and spines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tannins in defending plants against herbivores?

Deterring herbivores by their bitter taste Signup and view all the answers

How do alkaloids defend plants against herbivores and insects?

By directly attacking the herbivores' nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nicotine in tobacco plants as a chemical defense?

Deterring herbivores due to its toxic effects Signup and view all the answers

Which plant hormone is involved in preparing the plant for winter by promoting leaf drop in autumn?

Abscisic Acid (ABA) Signup and view all the answers

In what way do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control without harming crops or grass?

Through selective herbicide action targeting broad-leaved weeds Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phytoalexins in plant defense mechanisms?

Fighting against microbial pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How do thorns differ from prickles in terms of plant defense mechanisms?

Thorns are modified leaves while prickles are modified stems. Signup and view all the answers

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

'Bending towards the source of light' Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gibberellins in plants?

Stimulating fruit development without fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of phytoalexins in plants?

Limiting the spread of infections caused by pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

Thorns are part of the plant's vascular system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of spines in plants like cacti?

Reduce water loss in arid environments Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of volatile organic compounds produced by plants?

They attract predators or parasitoids of herbivores Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mechanical defenses like thorns, spines, and prickles from chemical defenses?

Mechanical defenses involve physical structures while chemical defenses involve signaling molecules Signup and view all the answers

In what way do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants aid in defense?

Making it difficult for insects to consume plant tissues Signup and view all the answers

How do thorns primarily contribute to plant defense mechanisms?

Act as a sharp barrier against large herbivores Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

Serving as a deterrent to pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

Prickles are outgrowths from the epidermis or cortex, while thorns are modified branches or stems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of spines in cacti plants?

Reducing water loss and providing shade Signup and view all the answers

How do volatile organic compounds produced by some plants aid in defense?

Repelling predators and parasitoids of herbivores Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

Deterring herbivores and insects through toxicity Signup and view all the answers

How do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants help with defense?

Making it challenging for insects to navigate plant surfaces Signup and view all the answers

'Apical dominance' in plants refers to:

The inhibition of lateral bud growth by auxins at the stem tip Signup and view all the answers

'Geotropism' in plants refers to:

The gravitropic response where roots grow downward Signup and view all the answers

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

The bending of plants towards light sources Signup and view all the answers

In what way do thorns differ from prickles and spines?

Thorns are outgrowths attached to the epidermis, while prickles are sharp-pointed structures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

To limit the spread of infections in response to pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

Prickles are not part of the vascular system, while thorns are modified branches or stems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of spines in plants like cacti?

To minimize water loss in arid environments Signup and view all the answers

Why do some plants produce volatile organic compounds?

To deter predators of herbivores by attracting them Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

To provide a barrier against large herbivores Signup and view all the answers

In plant biology, what is the primary purpose of mechanical defenses like spines and prickles?

To deter herbivores from consuming plant tissues Signup and view all the answers

How do sticky or slippery substances secreted by some plants help in defense?

By making it difficult for insects and herbivores to navigate plant surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of phytoalexins?

To synthesize antimicrobial compounds against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What do thorns primarily achieve as a plant defense mechanism?

Deterring herbivores from consuming plant tissues Signup and view all the answers

RESPONDING TO THE ENVIRONMENT (PLANTS)

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of mechanical defense employed by plants?

What is the main purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

Which of the following is NOT a function of prickles in plants?

What is the function of spines in plants like cacti?

How do thorns differ from prickles in plants?

What is the role of sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants?

Why is understanding plant defense mechanisms crucial for agriculture?

Which of the following best describes phytoalexins?

How do volatile organic compounds protect plants from herbivores?

In what way do thorns help protect plants?

What is the primary function of auxins in plants?

Where are auxins primarily produced in plants?

What growth processes in plants are auxins involved in?

What happens to lateral buds when auxin is present at the stem's tip?

In terms of apical dominance, what do auxins inhibit in a plant?

Which plant hormone stimulates stem elongation and seed germination?

Where do gibberellins stimulate elongation in plants?

'Apical dominance' refers to the phenomenon where:

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

'Geotropism' in plants refers to:

Which plant hormone is involved in breaking seed dormancy and initiating germination?

What is the role of Abscisic Acid (ABA) in seed dormancy?

How do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control?

What is the primary function of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

Which growth response is primarily controlled by auxins in plants?

In what way do tannins defend plants against herbivores?

What is the role of gibberellins in plant biology?

Which plant hormone is termed the 'stress hormone' due to its involvement in stress responses and seed dormancy promotion?

What is the primary function of auxins in plants?

Where are gibberellins primarily produced in plants?

What is the main role of gibberellins in plant biology?

Which growth response is NOT controlled by auxins in plants?

What is the effect of removing the apical tip of a plant on lateral bud growth?

'Apical dominance' in plants refers to the phenomenon where:

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

What is the primary purpose of phytoalexins in plants?

How do prickles differ from thorns in plants?

Why do plants produce volatile organic compounds?

What is the primary function of spines in plants like cacti?

How do sticky or slippery substances produced by some plants help with defense?

What role do thorns play in plant defense mechanisms?

What is the main benefit of understanding plant defense mechanisms in agriculture?

What distinguishes spines from prickles in plants?

What effect do mechanical defenses like thorns have on herbivores?

In what way do phytoalexins contribute to plant survival?

Which plant hormone is often referred to as the 'stress hormone' due to its involvement in stress responses, seed dormancy promotion, and leaf drop?

What is the primary function of synthetic auxins in weed control?

Which growth response in plants is primarily controlled by gibberellins?

What is the main role of alkaloids in plants' chemical defense mechanisms?

Which process involves auxin accumulation on the shaded side of a plant, causing it to bend towards the light source?

What is the primary function of tannins in defending plants against herbivores?

In what way do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control effectively?

Which plant hormone ensures seeds only germinate under optimal conditions by promoting seed dormancy?

What is the primary function of gibberellins in plants?

In what way do auxins contribute to plant growth?

How do auxins affect geotropism in plants?

Which growth process in plants is NOT directly influenced by auxins?

What effect does removing the apical tip of a plant have on lateral bud growth?

Which plant hormone plays a significant role in seed germination and leaf drop?

What is the main function of auxins in plant biology?

How do gibberellins contribute to fruit development in plants?

What is the impact of auxins on apical dominance in plants?

Which plant growth process is primarily controlled by gibberellins?

Which defense mechanism do plants primarily use to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens?

What is the primary function of tannins in defending plants against herbivores?

How do alkaloids defend plants against herbivores and insects?

What is the primary role of nicotine in tobacco plants as a chemical defense?

Which plant hormone is involved in preparing the plant for winter by promoting leaf drop in autumn?

In what way do synthetic auxins contribute to weed control without harming crops or grass?

What is the main function of phytoalexins in plant defense mechanisms?

How do thorns differ from prickles in terms of plant defense mechanisms?

'Phototropism' in plants refers to:

What is the primary function of gibberellins in plants?

What is the primary role of phytoalexins in plants?

How do prickles differ from thorns in plant defense mechanisms?

What is the main function of spines in plants like cacti?

Which statement best describes the role of volatile organic compounds produced by plants?