Plant Growth Hormones Overview
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Plant Growth Hormones Overview

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Questions and Answers

What effect does a high concentration of cytokinin have on root development?

  • It blocks root development. (correct)
  • It encourages root branching.
  • It promotes root growth.
  • It has no effect on roots.
  • What is the primary purpose of micropropagation?

  • To facilitate flower generation.
  • To enhance root development.
  • To produce plants commercially in vitro. (correct)
  • To promote seed formation.
  • Which of the following is a major pathway utilized in micropropagation?

  • Axillary shoot multiplication. (correct)
  • Whole plant regeneration.
  • Callus formation.
  • Somatic embryogenesis.
  • Which cytokinin concentration is mentioned to enhance branching and multiple shoot growth?

    <p>5 µM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonly applied gibberellin in plant tissue culture?

    <p>GA3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does exogenous gibberellin generally reduce in vitro?

    <p>Root formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when too high a concentration of applied cytokinin is used?

    <p>Small shoots develop that fail to grow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of applying gibberellin at the shoot bud initiation stage?

    <p>Reduction of shoot production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for the cell elongation and stimulation of root and stem growth in plants?

    <p>Auxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can high concentrations of exogenous auxin have on plants?

    <p>Induce growth inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is involved in the reprogramming of somatic cells for dedifferentiation?

    <p>Auxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed that chemical messengers regulate the formation and growth of different plant organs?

    <p>Julius von Sachs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of ethylene in relation to auxin concentrations?

    <p>It can cause growth inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of acid is the most common auxin found in higher plants?

    <p>Indole-3-acetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of gibberellins in relation to auxins in plant growth?

    <p>Stimulate cell elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of hormones in higher plants?

    <p>Hormonal signals regulate metabolism and growth dependent on chemical signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of cytokinins on rooting in plant shoots?

    <p>Inhibits rooting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which auxin is most commonly used to promote rooting in vitro?

    <p>IAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a high level of cytokinin in stem tissues affect rooting?

    <p>It prevents root initiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can an excessive concentration of auxin have on root quality?

    <p>Reduces root growth and quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains a major benefit of using a mixture of auxins in rooting media?

    <p>Lower concentrations can enhance rooting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process has cytokinins been shown to affect aside from promoting plant cell division?

    <p>Leaf senescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of roots induced by excessive exogenous auxin?

    <p>Low quality and reduced growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first cytokinin isolated that stimulated cell division?

    <p>Kinetin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Growth Hormones

    • Phytohormones are chemical messengers that regulate plant growth and development.
    • Julius von Sachs proposed that chemical messengers are responsible for plant organ formation and growth.
    • Auxins are a group of plant hormones that play a crucial role in cell elongation, root development, and other processes.
    • Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common type of auxin found in plants.
    • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-Methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) are synthetic auxins.
    • Auxin application can induce callus and root production, along with stem elongation.
    • High concentrations of auxin can sti.mulate somatic embryogenesis and reprogram somatic cells.
    • High auxin levels can be toxic due to the production of ethylene, which inhibits growth.
    • Cytokinins are plant hormones that stimulate cell division and have various effects on plant development.
    • Kinetin, Adenine, Zeatin, and N6-(2-isopentyl) adenine (2-iP) are examples of naturally occurring cytokinins.
    • 6-benzyladenine (BA) is a synthetic cytokinin often used in tissue culture.
    • High concentrations of cytokinin can suppress root development.
    • Cytokinins can break apical dominance, leading to the formation of multiple shoots.
    • Micropropagation is a technique for mass vegetative propagation of plants in vitro.
    • Auxin plays a role in rooting media by promoting root initiation.
    • Gibberellins promote shoot elongation and can influence bud development.
    • GA3 is a commonly used gibberellin in plant tissue culture.
    • GA3 generally reduces root formation and embryogenesis in vitro.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential plant growth hormones, including auxins and cytokinins. Learn about their roles in cell elongation, root development, and the effects of synthetic auxins on plants. Test your knowledge on how these hormones influence plant growth and development.

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