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Questions and Answers
What effect does a high concentration of cytokinin have on root development?
What effect does a high concentration of cytokinin have on root development?
- It blocks root development. (correct)
- It encourages root branching.
- It promotes root growth.
- It has no effect on roots.
What is the primary purpose of micropropagation?
What is the primary purpose of micropropagation?
- To facilitate flower generation.
- To enhance root development.
- To produce plants commercially in vitro. (correct)
- To promote seed formation.
Which of the following is a major pathway utilized in micropropagation?
Which of the following is a major pathway utilized in micropropagation?
- Axillary shoot multiplication. (correct)
- Whole plant regeneration.
- Callus formation.
- Somatic embryogenesis.
Which cytokinin concentration is mentioned to enhance branching and multiple shoot growth?
Which cytokinin concentration is mentioned to enhance branching and multiple shoot growth?
What is the commonly applied gibberellin in plant tissue culture?
What is the commonly applied gibberellin in plant tissue culture?
What does exogenous gibberellin generally reduce in vitro?
What does exogenous gibberellin generally reduce in vitro?
What happens when too high a concentration of applied cytokinin is used?
What happens when too high a concentration of applied cytokinin is used?
What could be a consequence of applying gibberellin at the shoot bud initiation stage?
What could be a consequence of applying gibberellin at the shoot bud initiation stage?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the cell elongation and stimulation of root and stem growth in plants?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the cell elongation and stimulation of root and stem growth in plants?
What effect can high concentrations of exogenous auxin have on plants?
What effect can high concentrations of exogenous auxin have on plants?
Which plant hormone is involved in the reprogramming of somatic cells for dedifferentiation?
Which plant hormone is involved in the reprogramming of somatic cells for dedifferentiation?
Who proposed that chemical messengers regulate the formation and growth of different plant organs?
Who proposed that chemical messengers regulate the formation and growth of different plant organs?
What are the effects of ethylene in relation to auxin concentrations?
What are the effects of ethylene in relation to auxin concentrations?
What type of acid is the most common auxin found in higher plants?
What type of acid is the most common auxin found in higher plants?
What is the main function of gibberellins in relation to auxins in plant growth?
What is the main function of gibberellins in relation to auxins in plant growth?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of hormones in higher plants?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of hormones in higher plants?
What is the primary effect of cytokinins on rooting in plant shoots?
What is the primary effect of cytokinins on rooting in plant shoots?
Which auxin is most commonly used to promote rooting in vitro?
Which auxin is most commonly used to promote rooting in vitro?
How can a high level of cytokinin in stem tissues affect rooting?
How can a high level of cytokinin in stem tissues affect rooting?
What effect can an excessive concentration of auxin have on root quality?
What effect can an excessive concentration of auxin have on root quality?
What remains a major benefit of using a mixture of auxins in rooting media?
What remains a major benefit of using a mixture of auxins in rooting media?
Which process has cytokinins been shown to affect aside from promoting plant cell division?
Which process has cytokinins been shown to affect aside from promoting plant cell division?
What is a key characteristic of roots induced by excessive exogenous auxin?
What is a key characteristic of roots induced by excessive exogenous auxin?
What was the first cytokinin isolated that stimulated cell division?
What was the first cytokinin isolated that stimulated cell division?
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Study Notes
Plant Growth Hormones
- Phytohormones are chemical messengers that regulate plant growth and development.
- Julius von Sachs proposed that chemical messengers are responsible for plant organ formation and growth.
- Auxins are a group of plant hormones that play a crucial role in cell elongation, root development, and other processes.
- Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common type of auxin found in plants.
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-Methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) are synthetic auxins.
- Auxin application can induce callus and root production, along with stem elongation.
- High concentrations of auxin can sti.mulate somatic embryogenesis and reprogram somatic cells.
- High auxin levels can be toxic due to the production of ethylene, which inhibits growth.
- Cytokinins are plant hormones that stimulate cell division and have various effects on plant development.
- Kinetin, Adenine, Zeatin, and N6-(2-isopentyl) adenine (2-iP) are examples of naturally occurring cytokinins.
- 6-benzyladenine (BA) is a synthetic cytokinin often used in tissue culture.
- High concentrations of cytokinin can suppress root development.
- Cytokinins can break apical dominance, leading to the formation of multiple shoots.
- Micropropagation is a technique for mass vegetative propagation of plants in vitro.
- Auxin plays a role in rooting media by promoting root initiation.
- Gibberellins promote shoot elongation and can influence bud development.
- GA3 is a commonly used gibberellin in plant tissue culture.
- GA3 generally reduces root formation and embryogenesis in vitro.
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