Plant Fibres Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of ginning in the cotton extraction process?

  • To decompose plant material in stagnant water
  • To remove non-fibrous materials from leaves
  • To extract bast fibres from stems
  • To mechanically remove seed hair fibres from cotton seeds (correct)

Retting is a process used for extracting leaf fibres only.

False (B)

What type of fibres does decortication primarily extract?

hard leaf fibres and some bast fibres

The scientific name for the most common species of cotton is __________.

<p>Gossypium hirsutum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the extraction method with its description:

<p>Ginning = Removes seed hair fibres from cotton seeds Retting = Decomposes plant material in water to extract bast fibres Decortication = Crushes leaves and scrapes away non-fibrous material Cotton = Most important plant seed fibre</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of fibre extraction mentioned?

<p>Distillation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cotton was independently domesticated in both the New and Old Worlds.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the varieties of cotton developed by agronomists?

<p>Short, uniform heights and synchronous flowering</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fibers are considered bast or stem fibers?

<p>Jute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flax fibers are smoother and stronger than cotton.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of jute fibers?

<p>To manufacture canvas, carpet backing, twines, and burlap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemp fibers are primarily used for _____.

<p>cordage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bast fiber plants with their notable characteristics:

<p>Jute = Grows up to 5 meters tall, used for burlap Flax = 2-3 times stronger than cotton, used for linen Hemp = Cultivated for thousands of years, used for rope Ramie = Produces long, silky, strong fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the largest producer of kapok fiber located?

<p>Indonesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ramie fibers are easy to extract from the plant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of kenaf fibers?

<p>Coarse, used for canvas and twines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flax fibers are mainly grown in _____ and China.

<p>Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is NOT one of the largest producers of cotton?

<p>Brazil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average length of most commercial cotton fibers is 3-5 cm long.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of fresh cotton fibers is composed of cellulose?

<p>91%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cotton fibers are placed in a cotton _____ to separate them from the seeds.

<p>gin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cotton processing steps with their descriptions:

<p>Cleaning = Removes debris and insects Mercerization = Increases luster and durability Bleaching = Whitening and removing waxes Sanforizing = Reduces fabric shrinkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of sisal fibre?

<p>Producing mats and ropes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Manila hemp is native to Africa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of cotton?

<p>Manufactures woven cloth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key benefit of kenaf fibre compared to wood pulp?

<p>less polluting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kapok fibers can be spun into a thread to be used for clothing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of kapok fibers?

<p>Cellulose and lignin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main components of wood fibre are cellulose and __________.

<p>lignin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used in the pulping process to extract cellulose fibre from wood?

<p>Chemical treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following fibres with their primary usage:

<p>Sisal = Mats and ropes Manila hemp = Cordage and fine paper products Bamboo fibre = Durable sheets and towels Rayon = Various fabric applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

The extraction of cellulose fibre from wood is called decortication.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bamboo fibre is obtained from regenerated __________ extracted from bamboo stalks.

<p>cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cotton

A plant whose seeds are harvested for fibers used in making clothing and other products.

Ginning

The process of separating the cotton fibers from the seeds using a machine.

Sliver

A loose thread of aligned cotton fibers, created during the combing/carding stage.

Drawing

The process of stretching and twisting a cotton sliver to form cotton yarn.

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Mercerization

A process that increases the luster, durability, and dyeability of cotton yarn.

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Sanforizing

A process that reduces fabric shrinkage using ammonia.

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Kapok

A type of tree that produces seeds with light, resilient fibers, but not suitable for spinning into thread.

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Kapok fiber

The fiber derived from the seeds of the kapok tree.

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Plant fibers

Long strands of cellulose gathered from individual or groups of plant cells, used to make cloth, canvas, ropes, mats, and paper.

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Retting

A process of extracting bast or soft-stemmed fibers using bacterial rotting.

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Decortication

A process of extracting hard leaf fibers and some stem fibers by crushing and scraping.

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Gossypium hirsutum

A cotton species native to Central America, responsible for almost all cotton production today.

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Annual varieties of cotton

Modified versions of Gossypium hirsutum that complete their life cycle in a single season, making them ideal for commercial production.

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Fiber extraction

The process of extracting fibers from plant material, using methods like ginning, retting, and decortication.

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Jute

An herbaceous annual plant known for its quick growth and easily extracted bast fibers, used to make burlap, canvas, and more.

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Flax

A smooth, strong bast fiber that's twice as strong as cotton, but more difficult to extract, used for linen and high-quality paper.

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Hemp

A natural fiber extracted from the stem of the cannabis plant, historically used for rope, canvas, and even Levi's jeans.

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Ramie

A strong, silky fiber extracted from a plant belonging to the nettle family, used for upholstery, canvas, and clothing.

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Kenaf

A plant that produces a coarse fiber used primarily for making canvas, twine, and bags.

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Leaf or hard fiber

A type of fiber obtained from the leaves of plants, often from rapidly growing tropical monocots. They are extracted through a simple process called decortication.

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Kenaf newsprint

A durable, high-quality paper alternative to wood pulp, made from the fibers of the kenaf plant.

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Sisal Fiber

A natural fiber extracted from the leaves of the sisal agave, a perennial plant native to Central America. It is used to create strong ropes and mats.

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Manila Hemp (abaca)

Also known as abaca, this fiber comes from a banana relative. It is used to make cordage and high-quality paper products like money and tea bags.

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Cellulose fiber

A type of fiber created from natural cellulose that has been processed. Examples include bamboo fiber and rayon.

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Bamboo fiber

A natural fiber extracted from bamboo stalks through a process of regenerating the cellulose. It is known for its durability and is used in towels and sheets.

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Pulping

The process of extracting cellulose fibers from wood, involving mechanical and chemical steps to separate cellulose from lignin.

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Study Notes

Plant Fibres

  • Plant fibres are long strands of cellulose from plant cells. They're used in ropes, mats, and fabrics.
  • Three main methods extract fibres:
    • Ginning: Separates cotton fibres from seeds mechanically.
    • Retting: Uses bacteria to decompose plant stems, releasing bast fibres.
    • Decortication: Scrapes away non-fibre material from leaves or stems.

Seed Fibres

  • Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important plant seed fibre.
  • Archaeological evidence shows cotton cultivation in the New and Old Worlds for thousands of years.
  • Mostly grown as annual crops (one season).
  • Key characteristics of cotton fibres: 1-6 cm long, 0.001-0.002 cm wide, 91% cellulose, and 8% water.
  • Cotton bales are 500lbs or 227 kg.
  • Global production occurs in China, India, the USA, and Pakistan.

Bast or Stem Fibres

  • Bast or stem fibres come from plant stems or woody parts.
  • Bacterial retting is common for extracting bast fibres.
  • Important bast fibres include:
    • Jute: Important economic fiber, used in various products like hessian, canvas, carpet backing, twine, and burlap.
    • Flax: Known for its strong, durable fibres, used in linens, and high-quality writing paper.

Leaf or Hard Fibres

  • Certain tropical monocots' leaves yield hard fibres.
  • Decortication is the method to extract these fibres, from plant leaves.
  • Important leaf fibres include:
    • Sisal: Used in mats and ropes.
    • Manila hemp: Used for cordage and paper production.

Wood Fibres

  • Wood fibres, extracted via mechanical or chemical processes, are used for paper production.
  • Key factors in pulping:
    • Chipping: Breaking wood into small pieces
    • Chemical treatment: Breaking down lignin in wood
    • Pulping: Isolating cellulose fibres
    • Formation and processing of pulp: Creating and preparing pulp for different uses

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Plant Fibers PDF

Description

This quiz covers the various types of plant fibres, including seed and bast fibres. It explores methods of extraction such as ginning, retting, and decortication, along with significant characteristics of cotton. Understand the global significance of these fibres in textiles and materials.

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