Plant Diversity Chapter Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What limits the size of bryophytes?

High nutrient requirements

Lack of vascular tissue (correct)

Presence of true roots

Solid cellular structure

Why is vascular tissue important for plants?

It helps in photosynthesis.

It provides structural support.

It transports water and nutrients. (correct)

It stores carbohydrates.

Which bryophyte structure is responsible for nutrient and water absorption?

Sporophyte

Rhizoids (correct)

Thallus

Gametophyte

What is the dominant phase in the life cycle of bryophytes?

Gametophyte Signup and view all the answers

What adaptations do seed plants have that allow them to reproduce without water?

Pollen and seeds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of nonvascular plant?

Ferns Signup and view all the answers

How do bryophytes predominantly obtain water and nutrients?

Osmosis and diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the body of a bryophyte?

Thallus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of rhizomes in ferns?

To store food Signup and view all the answers

Where are sori typically located on ferns?

On the undersides of fronds Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of horsetails?

They contain silica in their stems. Signup and view all the answers

Why do ferns thrive in damp forests instead of grasslands?

They thrive in shade and moisture. Signup and view all the answers

How do horsetails reproduce?

By producing spores in strobili Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fronds in ferns?

Their size and branched vascular tissue Signup and view all the answers

What substance in horsetails made them useful for cleaning?

Silica Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sporophytes and gametophytes in ferns?

Sporophytes produce gametophytes through spores. Signup and view all the answers

What structure is essential for the movement of sperm in certain organisms?

Flagella Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rhizome in seedless vascular plants?

Food storage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of seedless vascular plants?

Reproduce by seeds Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a plant that grows attached to another plant without taking nutrients from it?

Epiphyte Signup and view all the answers

Why are certain lycophytes referred to as ground pines?

They resemble miniature pine trees. Signup and view all the answers

Which division includes ferns and horsetails?

Pterophyta Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sporangium in seedless vascular plants?

It is where spores form. Signup and view all the answers

How do ferns adapt to drought conditions?

By slowing their life processes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Diversity

This chapter focuses on plant diversity, covering various plant types, their characteristics, and reproduction methods.

Learning Objectives

Identifying factors that limit bryophyte size.
Describing the importance of vascular tissue in plants.
Identifying adaptations in seed plants enabling reproduction without water.

Key Plant Groups

Bryophytes: A group of nonvascular plants (e.g., mosses, liverworts, hornworts). Their small size is limited by the lack of specialized water transport tissue. They reproduce via spores and thrive in damp environments. They get water and nutrients through osmosis and diffusion.
Vascular Plants: A group of plants with vascular tissue (xylem and phloem). This specialized tissue is crucial for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant, allowing for larger size.
- Seedless Vascular Plants: Includes ferns, horsetails, and club mosses.
  - Characteristics: Possess vascular tissue. Reproduction through spores. Dependent on water for fertilization.
  - Lycophytes (e.g., club mosses): They resemble moss gametophytes, but their reproductive structures are club-shaped or spike-shaped. The sporophyte generation is dominant.
  - Pterophytes (e.g., ferns and horsetails): The fern gametophyte is tiny and thin. Spores develop into gametophytes, which in turn produce sporophytes. Ferns often live in moist environments, can adapt to drought conditions with dormancy. Rhizomes are thick underground stems that act as a food storage organ.
- Seed Plants: These plants have seeds, which protect the embryo and hold food supply. They reproduce without needing water for fertilization.
  - Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers, cycads, ginkgoes): Their seeds are not enclosed in fruit. Reproduce via seeds located within cones on scales.
  - Angiosperms (e.g., flowering plants): These plants bear their seeds enclosed in protective structures (fruit). They are dependent on pollinators to transfer pollen (reproductive grains) from male to female reproductive structures. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms are more successful in drier climates due to the way seeds are protected and transported.

Plant Classification

Plants are classified into non-vascular and vascular groups. Nonvascular plants lack conducting tissue.
Vascular plants possess vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) to transport water, nutrients, and sugars. - Seedless vascular plants have vascular tissue but reproduce via spores
- Seed vascular plants have vascular tissue and reproduce via seeds.

Bryophytes Body

The bryophyte body is called a thallus. These plants do not have true roots, stems, or leaves. This is a characteristic that distinguishes them from vascular plants.

Dominant Phase in Bryophyte Life Cycle

The dominant phase in the bryophyte life cycle is the gametophyte.

Structure to Move Sperm

Flagella are the structures that help sperm move

Cyanobacteria and Anthocerphyta

Anthoceros are associated with symbiotic cyanobacteria.

Most Primitive Land Plant

Hepaticophyta.

Additional Notes

Specific examples of plants and their characteristics are given in the provided documents.
Detailed vocabulary is provided for various plant parts and processes.
The importance of water and its relation to plant survival is emphasized.
Critical-thinking questions are provided to further understanding.

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Description

Test your knowledge on plant diversity with this quiz covering bryophytes and vascular plants. Learn about their characteristics, reproductive methods, and adaptations that allow them to thrive in various environments. Understand how vascular tissue plays a crucial role in plant size and survival.