Plant Development and Structure Quiz

The process of plants losing water from their leaves and stems, primarily through tiny openings called stomata.

Specialized tissues in plants where cell division and growth occur, allowing plants to increase in size.

A rigid, strong component found in the secondary cell walls of plants, providing structural support and allowing for upright growth.

The primary cell wall is thin and flexible, found in young, growing cells. The secondary cell wall is thicker, stronger, and contains lignin, providing structural support.

Plants, unlike animals, grow continuously throughout their lives due to the presence of meristems, which actively produce new cells.

The process of moving water and minerals from the soil through the plant's roots and up to the leaves for photosynthesis.

The primary function of leaves in plants is to capture light energy and carry out photosynthesis, producing sugars for the plant's growth and energy.

The stem provides structural support for the plant, allowing it to grow upright and reach towards sunlight. It also transports water and nutrients.

The basic structural unit of a plant, containing organelles enclosed within a membrane.

A membrane-bound structure within a plant cell that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).

The fluid that fills the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane, containing organelles.

Small, membrane-bound structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

A rigid layer that surrounds plant cells, providing structural support and protection.

A large, fluid-filled sac within a plant cell that stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

The membrane that surrounds the vacuole, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

The process of a cell becoming specialized to perform a specific function.

A type of plant tissue that forms the outer protective layer, like the skin of a plant.

This tissue is responsible for photosynthesis, storage, and support in plants.

A type of plant tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant.

The outer layer of the plant, providing protection and covering.

A waxy layer that covers the epidermis of leaves and stems, preventing water loss.

The tissue found inside the epidermis, responsible for photosynthesis.

A layer of cells that surrounds the vascular bundles in leaves, regulating the movement of substances.

The elongated cells that make up the xylem, responsible for transporting water.

The living cells that transport sugars and other nutrients in plants.

The tissue found in the center of stems and roots, providing support and storage.

The layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue in roots and stems, responsible for lateral root development.

The layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue in roots, regulating the movement of water and minerals.

A layer of cells that forms between the xylem and phloem in stems and roots, responsible for secondary growth.

The tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange.

Specialized cells that surround stomata, controlling their opening and closing.

A network of interconnected flattened sacs (cisternae) in plant cells that plays a crucial role in processing and packaging proteins and lipids.

Protein cross-links that connect the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, providing structural support.

Small membrane-bound sacs that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and ER, transporting proteins and lipids.

The process of adding sugar molecules (glycosylation) to proteins, often occurring in the Golgi.

A large, fluid-filled sac in plant cells that primarily stores water and solutes.

These strands run through the vacuole and are enclosed by the tonoplast, connecting different parts of the cell.

The process of bringing substances into the cell, often involving clathrin-coated vesicles.

Stacks of flattened, interconnected thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts. They are the sites of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis.

Unstacked membranes connecting adjacent grana in chloroplasts, providing a pathway for communication and movement of molecules.

The internal space enclosed by the thylakoid membrane, containing a specific chemical environment for photosynthesis.

The ATP synthase proteins located on the thylakoid membrane are responsible for generating ATP during photosynthesis.

The ability of mitochondria and chloroplasts to self-replicate and produce their own proteins.

The process by which mitochondria, and chloroplasts, divide and multiply, similar to bacterial fission.

The merging of mitochondria, resulting in elongated or networked structures.

A type of plastid found in plants that are exposed to light; characterized by stacks of thylakoid membranes called grana.

The process of converting an etioplast into a chloroplast when exposed to light, involving the disassembly of prolamellar bodies and the formation of grana.

Small, single-membrane bound organelles found in plants (and other eukaryotic organisms) specializing in various metabolic functions.

A type of microbody found in all eukaryotic organisms, including plant cells, responsible for breaking down hydrogen from organic substrates using oxygen.

The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2) carried out by the enzyme catalase within peroxisomes.

A type of microbody in plants, particularly in oil-storing seeds, responsible for converting fats to sugars during germination.

A protein found in the surface of oil bodies (lipid droplets) in plant cells that may prevent fusion of oil bodies and help anchor other proteins to the surface.