Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: Term Test 1

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What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?

To synthesize proteins

To store nutrients and waste products (correct)

To provide structural support

To facilitate cell division

What is the main difference in shape between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells are larger than animal cells

Plant cells are rectangular, while animal cells are irregular (correct)

Plant cells are spherical, while animal cells are rectangular

Plant cells have a cell wall, while animal cells do not

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials in plant cells?

Vacuole (correct)

Lysosome

Peroxisome

Centriole

What is the role of centrioles in animal cells?

To facilitate cell division Signup and view all the answers

What allows communication and transport between adjacent plant cells?

Plasmodesmata Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in both plant and animal cells?

To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in the presence of lysosomes between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells lack lysosomes, while animal cells have them Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plant cells when their vacuoles lose water?

The cells become flaccid and the plant wilts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy storage molecule in plant cells?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscope is suitable for viewing live cells and tissues?

Light Microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragm in a light microscope?

To control the amount of light reaching the specimen Signup and view all the answers

Why is staining important in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

To enhance contrast and allow for better visualization of structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of cells becoming specialized to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells?

Stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stage in a light microscope?

The platform where the slide is placed Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a wet mount in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

To observe living organisms and aquatic samples Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of epithelial cells?

To protect the body by covering surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of electron microscopes?

To observe the ultrastructure of cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pulmonary arteries?

To pump deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a heart attack?

Damage to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

To exchange gases between the body and the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trachea?

To conduct air from the pharynx to the bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high blood pressure?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli?

To facilitate gas exchange between the blood and air Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

To absorb water and salts from the remaining indigestible food matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a stroke?

Brain cells begin to die Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of taking food into the body through the mouth?

Ingestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diaphragm?

To facilitate breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight?

Anorexia Nervosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of oxygenated blood in the systemic circulation?

Left ventricle to aorta to body to right atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi?

To conduct air from the pharynx to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood through the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of blood circulation between the heart and the lungs?

Pulmonary circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?

To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To exchange gases and nutrients between blood and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of blood?

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that gradually replaces healthy liver tissue with scar tissue?

Liver Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

The number of cells they have Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?

To break down food into a semi-liquid substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

To break down food into small particles that can be absorbed into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

Cells, tissues, organs, systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the esophagus in the digestive system?

To move chewed food from the mouth to the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

To increase the volume of the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between tissue and organ?

A tissue is a group of similar cells, while an organ is a structure composed of different tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mouth in the digestive system?

To mix food with saliva that contains enzymes to break down carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of cellular respiration?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the microscope in observing cells?

To observe the structure and organelles of cells Signup and view all the answers

What is asthma characterized by?

Inflammation and narrowing of the airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the organization of cells in the human body?

Cells, tissues, organs, systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

To process sensory information and initiate responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of nerves in the nervous system?

To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What extends from the brainstem down the vertebral column?

The spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory organs?

To detect external stimuli and send information to the brain for interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a neuron is stimulated by a sensory input or another neuron?

An electrical signal travels along the axon to the synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

To transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord?

Loss of function, such as paralysis or cognitive impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is bronchitis characterized by?

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is a stroke caused by?

A lack of oxygen to part of the brain due to interrupted blood supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of tuberculosis?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the excretory system responsible for?

Removing metabolic waste products generated by the body's cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neurons in the nervous system?

To transmit and process information Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

To process information and send out motor commands Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of substance abuse on the brain?

Irreversible brain damage and memory loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reflex actions?

To respond rapidly to stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

To regulate blood pressure and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the body retains essential nutrients and maintains fluid balance?

Reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys?

Kidney stones Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tube that connects the bladder to the exterior of the body?

Urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure of the kidneys to filter blood effectively?

Kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection?

Cystitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nephrons in the kidneys?

To filter blood and remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which waste products and excess substances are secreted from the blood into the renal tubules?

Secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ureters in the excretory system?

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bladder in the excretory system?

To store urine until it is ready to be excreted Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of bladder infections?

Pain or burning during urination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys?

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central organ of the nervous system?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory organs in the nervous system?

To collect information from the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for bladder infections?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of Glomerulonephritis?

Blood in the urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding the excretory system?

It is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?

To transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

How do sound waves enter the ear?

Through the cochlea Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

Regulating body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord?

Severe and often irreversible consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a stroke on the brain?

Death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sensory receptors in the skin?

To detect pressure, temperature, and pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of olfactory receptors in the nose?

To detect airborne chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of substance abuse on the brain?

Permanent brain damage and mental health disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of taste buds on the tongue?

To detect different flavors Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of damage to sensory organs?

Impaired ability to process sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Alzheimer's disease?

Progressive degeneration of the nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vacuoles in plant cells?

Support cell growth by absorbing water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of plant cells?

Fixed, rectangular shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Facilitate intercellular communication Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances in both plant and animal cells?

Peroxisomes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plant cells when their vacuoles lose water?

Become flaccid and wilt Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

To aid in breaking down food into nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the rectum in the digestive system?

To store feces until egestion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of animal cells?

Irregular, flexible shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centrioles in cell division?

Organizing the mitotic spindle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To exchange gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for storing waste products and nutrients in plant cells?

Vacuoles Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not treating ulcers properly?

Complications and pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of liver cirrhosis?

Impaired liver function Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of blood circulation between the heart and the lungs?

Pulmonary circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of blood?

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that gradually replaces healthy liver tissue with scar tissue?

Liver cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

To break down food into small particles that can be absorbed into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cells becoming specialized to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organism consists of a single cell that performs all life functions?

Unicellular organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

Cells, tissues, organs, systems, organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?

To break down food into small particles using gastric juices and enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

Tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the basic unit of life?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for structures composed of different tissues working together?

Organ Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions?

System Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in plant cells?

Glyoxylate cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between energy storage in plant and animal cells?

Plant cells store energy in the form of starch, while animal cells store energy in the form of glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the objective lenses in a light microscope?

To magnify the image of the specimen Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coarse and fine focus knobs in a light microscope?

To focus the image of the specimen Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of staining in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

To enhance contrast and visibility of structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of cells becoming specialized to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of epithelial cells?

To protect the body and cover surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a wet mount in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

To observe living organisms and aquatic samples Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stem cells?

To divide and differentiate into various cell types Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of electron microscopes?

To view the ultrastructure of cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs?

Pulmonary arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a heart attack?

The affected heart muscle can be damaged or die, potentially leading to heart failure or death Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

To contract and relax to change the volume of the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the alveoli during gaseous exchange?

Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the capillaries, while carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi?

To distribute air throughout the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the excretory system?

To maintain homeostasis by removing waste products and regulating body fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nephrons in the kidneys?

To filter blood and remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells become specialized to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high blood pressure?

It can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and other serious health problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ureters?

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of asthma?

Inflammation and narrowing of the airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli?

To facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the brain in the nervous system?

To process sensory information, initiate responses, and store memories Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

To supply oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of reabsorbing essential substances back into the bloodstream?

Reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

To transmit nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of kidney failure?

Buildup of waste products and fluids in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment option for kidney failure?

Dialysis and kidney transplantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a stroke?

Brain cells begin to die within minutes, which can result in loss of function controlled by the affected brain area Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cellular respiration?

To convert glucose and other nutrients into ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bladder?

To store urine until it is excreted Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi in the respiratory system?

To branch into smaller airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragm?

To separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a lung infection such as pneumonia?

The air sacs in the lungs fill with fluid or pus Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of removing waste products from the blood?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

Not mentioned in the content Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urethra?

To transport urine from the bladder to the outside of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of bladder infections?

Inflammation and pain Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sound waves when they enter the ear?

They are transformed into electrical signals by hair cells in the cochlea. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

To convert light into electrical signals. Signup and view all the answers

What do sensory receptors in the skin detect?

Pressure, temperature, and pain. Signup and view all the answers

What do olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity detect?

Airborne chemicals. Signup and view all the answers

What helps regulate body temperature?

The hypothalamus in the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of trauma or injuries to the brain or spinal cord?

Paralysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a stroke?

An interruption of blood flow to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What are degenerative disorders?

Diseases that cause progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Signup and view all the answers

What can be affected by substance abuse?

The brain and overall mental health. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the nervous system's structure and function?

To appreciate how our bodies interact with the environment and maintain internal balance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?

To transmit electrical impulses throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory organs in the nervous system?

To detect external stimuli and send information to the brain for interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the reflex arcs in the nervous system?

To facilitate rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a stroke in the nervous system?

Loss of function, such as paralysis or cognitive impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is the common symptom of bladder infections?

Pain or burning during urination Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nervous system in the body?

To transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the excretory system?

To remove metabolic waste products generated by the body's cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord?

Loss of function, such as paralysis or cognitive impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the brain?

To control various functions, including thought, memory, and emotion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis?

To control heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinal cord?

To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensory organs?

To collect information from the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

To carry signals from one neuron to another Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)?

Growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

To connect sensory neurons to motor neurons in the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment focus for Glomerulonephritis?

To address the underlying cause and manage symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of bladder infections?

Shorter urethra and proximity to the anus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nerves in the nervous system?

To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that neurons in the brain send and receive messages?

Through electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in plant cells?

Involved in the glyoxylate cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in energy storage between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells store energy in the form of starch, while animal cells store energy in the form of glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscope is suitable for viewing the ultrastructure of cells and tissues?

Electron microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the objective lenses in a light microscope?

To magnify the image Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of preparing a specimen for microscopic observation by spreading it thinly across a slide?

Smear Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cells that have unique structures that enable them to fulfill their roles effectively?

Differentiated cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nerve cells in the body?

To transmit electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epithelial cells?

To protect the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for unspecialized cells capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells?

Stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cells varying greatly in shape and size depending on their specific functions?

Specialization Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the digestive system?

To break down food into small particles for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

Cell, tissue, organ, organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?

To break down food into small particles using gastric juices and enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Unicellular organisms have a single cell that performs all life functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the esophagus in the digestive system?

To move chewed food from the mouth to the stomach through peristaltic contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mouth in the digestive system?

To mix food with saliva that contains enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the organization of cells in multicellular organisms?

Cells, tissues, organs, systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells, besides storage?

Maintaining turgor pressure and cell growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of understanding how cells are organized and function within tissues, organs, and systems?

We gain insight into the complexity and efficiency of living organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of cell walls?

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, while animal cells lack a cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of observing cells under a microscope?

To understand the structure and function of cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Facilitating intercellular communication and transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of centrioles?

Plant cells lack centrioles, while animal cells have centrioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lysosomes in animal cells?

Breaking down cellular waste and debris Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of peroxisomes in both plant and animal cells?

Breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plant cells when their vacuoles lose water?

The cells become flaccid and the plant wilts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of shape and structure?

Plant cells have a fixed shape, while animal cells have a flexible shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pulmonary arteries?

To pump deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the affected heart muscle during a heart attack?

It is prevented from getting oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the trachea?

To conduct air from the pharynx to the bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high blood pressure?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli?

To exchange gases between the body and the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a stroke?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

To exchange gases between the body and the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of oxygenated blood in the systemic circulation?

From the left ventricle to the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi?

To conduct air from the trachea to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragm?

To expand and contract the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

To absorb water and salts from the remaining indigestible food matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove carbon dioxide and waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight?

Anorexia Nervosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of oxygenated blood in the circulatory system?

From the heart to the body tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?

To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To exchange gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of blood?

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that gradually replaces healthy liver tissue with scar tissue?

Liver Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pulmonary circulation in the circulatory system?

To circulate blood between the heart and the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

To contract and relax to change the volume of the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during inhalation in the respiratory system?

The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, and the intercostal muscles contract Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

To filter blood and remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the organ responsible for processing sensory information and generating thoughts and emotions?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the body retains essential nutrients and maintains fluid balance?

Reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the long, thin, tubular structure that extends from the brainstem down the vertebral column?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the tube that connects the bladder to the exterior of the body?

Urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process where oxygen is used to convert glucose and other nutrients into ATP?

Cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter blood effectively?

Kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bladder?

To store urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease characterized by the inflammation of the air sacs in one or both lungs?

Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the musculoskeletal system?

To provide movement and support for the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the network of capillaries where blood filtration begins?

Glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of peristalsis in the ureters?

To propel urine downward through the ureters Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a kidney stone?

Severe pain when passing through the urinary tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which waste products and excess substances are filtered out of the blood?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ureters?

To transport urine from each kidney to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?

To transmit electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli?

Reflex actions Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord from accidents or injuries?

Loss of function, such as paralysis or cognitive impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the interruption of the blood supply to part of the brain?

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the excretory system?

To remove metabolic waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bundles of axons that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body?

Nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the specialized receptor cells sensitive to specific types of stimuli?

Sensory organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of transmitting electrical impulses from one neuron to another?

Synapses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the disorders that affect mental and emotional well-being?

Mental health problems Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sound waves enter the ear?

They are converted into electrical signals by hair cells in the cochlea. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature?

It receives signals about the body's temperature and triggers responses to maintain a stable internal environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord?

Severe and often irreversible consequences, including paralysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

To detect airborne chemicals and send signals to the brain for interpretation as distinct smells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a stroke?

Permanent damage and loss of function in parts of the body controlled by the affected brain area. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory receptors in the skin?

To detect pressure, temperature, and pain and send signals to the brain for interpretation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taste buds on the tongue?

To detect different flavors and work in conjunction with olfactory receptors to process and interpret the flavors of food. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of substance abuse on the brain?

It can cause significant damage to the brain, impairing cognitive functions, memory, learning, and emotional regulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

To convert light into electrical signals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the optic nerve?

To send electrical signals from the retina to the brain for interpretation as visual images. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of bladder infections?

Pain or burning during urination Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the glomeruli in the kidneys?

To filter blood Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)?

Growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the brain in the nervous system?

To interpret sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sensory organs in the nervous system?

To collect information from the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which neurons in the brain send and receive messages?

Through electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

To connect the CNS to the limbs and organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

To transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vacuoles in plant cells?

To store nutrients, waste products, and other substances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of plant cells?

Fixed, rectangular shape due to the rigid cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

To facilitate intercellular communication and transport Signup and view all the answers

Why do plant cells become flaccid when their vacuoles lose water?

Because the cells lose turgor pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is rarely found in plant cells?

Lysosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in both plant and animal cells?

To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of animal cells?

Flexible shape due to the lack of a cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?

To break down waste materials and debris Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is responsible for producing bile that aids in breaking down food into nutrients?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of removing undigested or unwanted particles from the body as feces through the rectum and anus?

Egestion Signup and view all the answers

Beneficial bacteria in the colon produce which of the following vitamins?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

The circulatory system plays a crucial role in regulating which of the following processes?

Body temperature Signup and view all the answers

Arteries, capillaries, and veins are types of which structures in the circulatory system?

Blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

Pumps blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the large intestine in the digestive system?

Absorbs water and salts from the remaining indigestible food matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that gradually replaces healthy liver tissue with scar tissue?

Liver Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?

Transports oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rectum in the digestive system?

Stores feces until they are expelled Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope is more suitable for viewing the ultrastructure of cells and tissues?

Electron Microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of starch in plant cells?

Energy storage Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coarse and fine focus knobs in a light microscope?

To adjust the focus of the image Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cells becoming specialized to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells?

Stem Cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of staining in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

To enhance contrast and allow for better visualization of structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the diversity of cells in shape and size depending on their specific functions?

Variation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the objective lenses in a light microscope?

To magnify the image Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the preparation method that involves spreading a sample thinly across the slide and allowing it to dry?

Smear Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycogen in animal cells?

Energy storage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of adult stem cells in the body?

To maintain and repair tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organisms can be seen with the naked eye?

Multicellular organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

Cell-tissue-organ system continuum Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the digestive system is responsible for mixing food with gastric juices and enzymes?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cells becoming specialized to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells?

Stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the esophagus in the digestive system?

To move food from the mouth to the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions?

Organ systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body and coordinates reflexes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neurons?

To transmit electrical impulses and communicate through synapses Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a health issue involving the nervous system?

Alzheimer's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory organs?

To detect external stimuli and send information to the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary arteries?

To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of a heart attack?

The affected heart muscle can be damaged or die Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the excretory system?

To remove metabolic waste products generated by the body's cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharynx?

To serve as a passageway for both air and food Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a reflex action?

Blinking Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the trachea?

To conduct air from the pharynx to the bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinal cord?

To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of trauma or injuries to the nervous system?

Loss of function, such as paralysis or cognitive impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of high blood pressure?

It can lead to heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neurotransmitters?

To carry signals to the next neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi?

To conduct air from the trachea to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of oxygenated blood in the systemic circulation?

From the left ventricle to the aorta to the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reflex arcs?

To bypass the brain and directly connect sensory neurons to motor neurons in the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a stroke?

It can lead to paralysis and speech difficulties Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

To separate the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure inside the lungs during inhalation?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate gaseous exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of asthma?

Difficulty in breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

To contract and relax to change the volume of the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of bronchitis?

Persistent coughing and difficulty breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

To transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

To process sensory information, initiate responses, store memories, and generate thoughts and emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of tuberculosis?

Persistent coughing, chest pain, weight loss, and fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of pneumonia?

Coughing, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the intercostal muscles in the respiratory system?

To expand the rib cage during inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

To filter blood and remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the body retains essential nutrients and maintains fluid balance?

Reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tube that connects the bladder to the exterior of the body?

Urethra Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter blood effectively?

Kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bladder in the excretory system?

To store urine until it is ready to be excreted Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the body eliminates waste products and excess substances?

Excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the functional units of the kidneys?

Nephrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ureters in the excretory system?

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of kidney failure?

A buildup of waste products and fluids in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of urinary tract infection that occurs when bacteria enter the bladder and cause inflammation?

Cystitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of a bladder infection?

Frequent urge to urinate Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys?

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

Transmitting signals to and from the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

Regulating body functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sensory organs in the nervous system?

Collecting information from the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nerves in the nervous system?

Transmitting signals to and from the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of glomerulonephritis?

Impaired kidneys' ability to filter blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

Coordinating the body's actions and sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Interpreting sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sound waves when they enter the ear?

They are transformed into electrical signals by hair cells in the cochlea Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain helps regulate body temperature?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Connecting the CNS to the limbs and organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord?

Severe and often irreversible consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

To convert light into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

To detect airborne chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a stroke?

Permanent damage and loss of function in parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature?

To trigger responses to maintain a stable internal environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to sensory receptors or nerves?

Impaired sensory function Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of long-term substance abuse?

Permanent brain damage and mental health disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the auditory nerve in the process of hearing?

To transmit electrical signals to the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce ova and release them during ovulation Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the female reproductive system serves as the passage through which menstrual blood leaves the body?

Vagina Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

Fallopian tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

To produce sperm cells and the male sex hormone testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

To produce sex cells and ensure the continuation of the species Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

To support the development of a fetus during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between the ovaries and the uterus?

Fallopian tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cervix in the female reproductive system?

To connect the uterus to the vagina Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is responsible for regulating the temperature of the testes?

Scrotum Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?

Urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fertilized egg that begins to divide and develop?

Zygote Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by the growth of tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus outside the uterus?

Endometriosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the epididymis?

To store and mature sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the release of semen from the penis?

Ejaculation Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by the inability or difficulty of a couple to conceive a child?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the vas deferens?

To transport sperm to the urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

Implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of puberty?

To develop the reproductive organs and produce gametes Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the immature sex organs to start producing their own hormones during puberty?

The pituitary gland releasing specific hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased levels of oestrogen in females during puberty?

Development of a more rounded body shape Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and the production of sperm?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the testes in males?

To produce testosterone and sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased levels of testosterone in males during puberty?

Growth of muscles and bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pituitary gland in puberty?

To stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of puberty in females?

Development of female secondary sexual characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the reproductive organs during puberty?

To produce gametes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the body during puberty?

It matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and the initiation of sperm production during puberty?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To regulate the temperature of the testes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?

To transport mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

To serve as a receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endometrium in the female reproductive system?

To thicken each month in preparation for potential pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when an egg is released from one of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the placenta during pregnancy?

To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo while removing waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fertilization during sexual intercourse?

The formation of a zygote that travels up the oviduct Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thickened uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized in the female reproductive system?

It is released from the body through the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

To contract and move downwards Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the oviducts in the female reproductive system?

To connect the ovaries to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of air during exhalation?

Lungs → bronchi → trachea → pharynx and larynx → mouth and nose Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the valve mechanism in the male reproductive system?

To ensure that urine and semen do not mix Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of consuming alcohol during pregnancy?

Serious birth defects known as Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Signup and view all the answers

How long does the female reproductive cycle typically last?

28-30 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of human pregnancy?

40 weeks (9 months) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchioles in the respiratory system?

To branch into smaller airways that lead to the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for infertility in some cases?

Various factors in both men and women Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the embryo implanting into the uterus?

The formation of the placenta and umbilical cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the heart in the respiratory system?

To pump oxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the diffusion process in the alveoli?

Oxygen is transported to the blood and carbon dioxide is transported out of the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi and bronchioles?

To distribute air throughout the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the adaptation of alveoli that allows for efficient gas exchange?

Large surface area Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of gas exchange in the lungs?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capillaries in the lungs?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the diaphragm contracting and flattening?

The volume of the thoracic cavity increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

To contract and expand the rib cage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the right ventricle in the circulatory system?

Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicator of good cardiovascular fitness?

Lower resting heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source for the body?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamins in the body?

Helping in various chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries?

Carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of fibre in the diet?

Aiding digestion and preventing constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcium in the body?

Building strong bones and teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

Circulating blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of fibre in the human body?

Maintaining regular bowel movements and preventing constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins in the body?

Building and repairing body cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?

Continuing the process of mechanical digestion through muscular contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in the digestive process?

Accelerating chemical reactions in the body to break down food Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a significantly higher or lower resting heart rate?

Signaling potential health issues Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is composed of water?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

The majority of digestion and nutrient absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of moving food through the alimentary canal through muscle contractions?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the emulsion test in identifying food molecules?

To identify the presence of fats and oils Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oesophagus in the digestive system?

Moving food down the oesophagus through peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of poor dietary choices?

Leading to conditions such as obesity, malnutrition, and chronic diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mouth in the digestive system?

Initiating mechanical and chemical digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

Amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

Absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the spinal cord?

Severe and often irreversible consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of olfactory receptors in the nose?

Detection of airborne chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

Regulation of body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a stroke?

Permanent damage and loss of function Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

Conversion of light into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory receptors in the skin?

Detection of pressure, temperature, and pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the auditory nerve?

Transmission of electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cochlea?

Transformation of sound waves into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the capillaries in the circulatory system?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and body cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a problem with gaseous exchange in the alveoli?

Severe health issues such as asthma, emphysema, and pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary veins to the left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left ventricle in the heart?

To pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of cellular respiration in the mitochondria?

Release of energy and production of carbon dioxide as a by-product Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between arteries and veins?

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, while veins carry oxygen-poor blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of gaseous exchange in the body?

To maintain the body's homeostasis by supplying cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of blood circulation from the heart to the rest of the body?

Left ventricle to the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of puberty?

To develop reproductive organs and produce gametes Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the onset of puberty?

release of hormones from the pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the testes in males?

To produce testosterone and sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased levels of oestrogen in females during puberty?

Widening of the hips and development of a more rounded body shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ovaries in females?

To produce oestrogen and store egg cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the menstrual cycle?

To prepare the body for pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary sex characteristics in females?

Development of the ovaries and preparation for ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hormones in the endocrine system?

To act as chemical messengers to stimulate physiological responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of gametes during sexual reproduction?

The creation of a new individual with a unique combination of genetic material Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

To ensure the continuation of the species through sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Which female reproductive organ is responsible for producing ova and releasing them during ovulation?

Ovaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

To connect the ovaries to the uterus and facilitate fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Which male reproductive organ produces sperm cells and the male sex hormone testosterone?

Testes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

To support the development of a fetus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the female reproductive system serves as the passage through which menstrual blood leaves the body?

Vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which an egg is released from an ovary during the female reproductive cycle?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce ova and release them during ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To regulate the temperature of the testes Signup and view all the answers

During which process does a sperm cell combine with an egg cell in the female reproductive system?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the release of semen from the penis during sexual climax?

Ejaculation Signup and view all the answers

Which ducts transport mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation?

Vas deferens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus?

Endometriosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

To store sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process during which an ovary releases a mature egg in the female reproductive system?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the impairment of fertility, making it difficult or impossible for a couple to conceive a child?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the urethra in the male reproductive system?

To carry urine and semen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for birth defects caused by a pregnant woman consuming alcohol?

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the inner surfaces of alveoli?

To facilitate gas exchange through moist surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of capillaries in blood circulation?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and body cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of efficient gaseous exchange?

The maintenance of homeostasis and provision of oxygen to body cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arteries?

They have thin, fragile walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a problem with gaseous exchange?

Severe health issues such as asthma, emphysema, and pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left ventricle in blood circulation?

To pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pulmonary veins?

To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that occurs in the mitochondria of cells?

Cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart in blood circulation?

To pump blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of veins in blood circulation?

To transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the placenta during pregnancy?

To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo while removing waste Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of pregnancy does the embryo develop into a fetus?

Gestation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition caused by consumption of alcohol during pregnancy, resulting in lifelong physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments for the child?

Fetal alcohol syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tube that connects the embryo to the placenta, facilitating the exchange of nutrients and oxygen?

Umbilical cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the sperm penetrates the outer membrane of the egg?

Penetration of the egg Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the breathing process does the rib cage move upwards and outwards?

Inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the zygote begins to divide and grow as it travels down the oviduct?

Formation and implantation of the embryo Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the diaphragm in the breathing process?

To increase the volume of the chest cavity Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is composed of water?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibre in the body?

To help maintain regular bowel movements and prevent constipation Signup and view all the answers

What type of digestion involves the physical breakdown of food through chewing, churning, and mashing?

Mechanical digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the muscular contractions that move food through the alimentary canal?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

To absorb the majority of nutrients from food Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemical tests in identifying food molecules?

To identify the presence of specific food molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of poor dietary choices?

Conditions such as obesity, malnutrition, and chronic diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?

To break down food through mechanical and chemical digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sodium in the body?

To help blood carry nutrients and waste around the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the alimentary canal?

To facilitate the digestion and absorption of food Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart in the respiratory system?

To pump oxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during exhalation in the breathing mechanism?

The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape, pushing air out of the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi and bronchioles in the respiratory system?

To distribute air throughout the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood?

The concentration of oxygen in the blood increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries?

To facilitate easy diffusion of gases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the intercostal muscles in the breathing mechanism?

To contract and expand the rib cage during inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the diffusion of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli?

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the right ventricle in the circulatory system?

Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicator of better cardiovascular fitness and efficient heart function?

A lower resting heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the increased thoracic volume during inhalation?

The internal pressure decreases, causing air to flow in Signup and view all the answers

What are the seven essential groups of nutrients that constitute a healthy diet?

Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the large surface area of the alveoli?

To increase the surface area for gaseous exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

To build and repair body cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of vitamins in a healthy diet?

Fruits and vegetables Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries in the circulatory system?

To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

To supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove carbon dioxide and waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lungs in the respiratory system?

To facilitate the exchange of gases Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of inefficient circulation and respiration?

Disrupting homeostasis and overall health Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the right atrium in the circulatory system?

Receiving deoxygenated blood from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To regulate the temperature of the testes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the valve mechanism in the urethra during ejaculation?

To ensure urine does not mix with semen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

To serve as a pathway for menstrual blood and sperm Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

In the oviducts (Fallopian tubes) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thickened uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized?

It is shed and expelled from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the release of a mature egg from one of the ovaries?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the muscular tube that transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?

Vas deferens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uterine lining (endometrium) each month?

To thicken in preparation for potential pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the foreskin in the male reproductive system?

To protect the head of the penis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amylase in digestion?

Breaking down carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body?

Egestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

Regulating body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a stroke in the brain?

Permanent damage and loss of function in parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of olfactory receptors in the nose?

Detecting airborne chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

Converting light into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

Absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the auditory nerve?

Transmitting electrical signals from the cochlea to the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the optic nerve?

Transmitting electrical signals from the retina to the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the taste buds on the tongue?

Detecting different flavors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce ova and release them during ovulation Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

In the fallopian tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cervix in the female reproductive system?

To open into the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

To produce sperm cells and the male sex hormone testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

To implant and develop a fertilized egg into a fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

To connect the ovaries to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagina in the female reproductive system?

To serve as the birth canal and passage for menstrual blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system in humans and other eukaryotic organisms?

To ensure the continuation of the species through sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To regulate the temperature of the testes Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for storing mature sperm?

Epididymis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a fertilized egg implants itself into the lining of the uterus?

Implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that occurs when a pregnant woman consumes alcohol, causing birth defects in the unborn baby?

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common issue affecting the male reproductive system?

Prostate Issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the uterus sheds its lining if a pregnancy does not occur?

Menstruation Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for transporting sperm to the urethra?

Vas deferens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the urethra in the male reproductive system?

To carry urine from the bladder to the outside of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to conceive a child?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pituitary gland during puberty?

To stimulate the immature sex organs to produce their own hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased levels of oestrogen in females during puberty?

Widening of the hips and development of a more rounded body shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the testes in males during puberty?

To produce testosterone and sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of primary sexual characteristics in puberty?

They are directly related to reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hormones in puberty?

They initiate the physical and functional changes that occur during puberty Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased levels of testosterone in males during puberty?

Muscle growth and changes in bone shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries in females during puberty?

To produce oestrogen and store egg cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the trigger for the onset of puberty?

The release of hormones from the pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum in males during puberty?

To regulate the temperature of the testes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sperm's head during fertilization?

To penetrate the outer membrane of the egg Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the onset of menstruation in females during puberty?

The ability to ovulate and potentially conceive Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the placenta during pregnancy?

To provide nutrients to the embryo Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

To contract and move upwards Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the passage of air from the mouth and nose into the lungs?

Air pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the embryo implants into the uterus?

Implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the duration of human pregnancy?

Gestation period Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition that results from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

Fetal alcohol syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the umbilical cord during pregnancy?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To regulate the temperature of the testes Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the male reproductive system is responsible for transporting mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?

Sperm duct (vas deferens) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

To house and nourish a fertilized egg until birth Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the reproductive cycle does the uterine lining thicken and become rich in blood vessels?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oviducts (Fallopian tubes) in the female reproductive system?

To facilitate fertilization of the egg by sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the shedding of the thickened uterine lining if fertilization does not occur?

Menstruation Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the male reproductive system is responsible for filling with blood to become erect?

Penis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the release of a mature egg from one of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the female reproductive system connects the cervix of the uterus to the external genitalia?

Vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the valve mechanism in the urethra during ejaculation?

To prevent urine from mixing with semen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bronchi and bronchioles in the respiratory system?

To distribute air throughout the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the diaphragm contracting and flattening during inhalation?

The thoracic volume increases, reducing the internal pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the capillaries in the respiratory system?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart in the respiratory system?

To pump oxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the diaphragm relaxing and returning to its dome shape during exhalation?

The thoracic volume decreases, increasing the internal pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the adaptation of the alveoli that allows for efficient gas exchange?

Large surface area Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of gases moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the intercostal muscles in the breathing mechanism?

To contract and expand the rib cage Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the thoracic volume increasing during inhalation?

The internal pressure decreases, allowing air to flow into the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rich blood supply surrounding the alveoli?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of efficient gaseous exchange in the body?

The maintenance of the body's homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary veins to the left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients with body cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the by-product of cellular respiration in the mitochondria?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of problems with gaseous exchange in the body?

Severe health issues such as asthma and emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left atrium in the heart?

To receive oxygenated blood from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of arteries in the circulatory system?

They have strong, muscular walls and carry oxygenated blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?

Veins to the right atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mitochondria in cellular respiration?

To convert glucose into energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amylase in the digestive system?

Breaking down carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory receptors in the skin detect pressure, temperature, and pain?

Sensory receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the nervous system?

Regulating body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibre in the diet?

To help maintain regular bowel movements and prevent constipation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Forming bones and teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a stroke in the nervous system?

Death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the starch test in food testing?

To identify the presence of starch Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that causes progressive degeneration of the nervous system, affecting memory and cognition?

Alzheimer's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cochlea in the auditory system?

Transforming sound waves into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a health problem directly related to diet?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules called?

Digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream?

Absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

To facilitate the majority of digestion and nutrient absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the right ventricle in the circulatory system?

Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the optic nerve in the visual system?

Sending electrical signals to the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of damage to the spinal cord in the nervous system?

Permanent paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a lower resting heart rate?

It indicates better cardiovascular fitness and efficient heart function Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the series of muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the taste buds on the tongue?

Detecting flavors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of proteins in a healthy diet?

Fish, meat, poultry, eggs, and cheese Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?

To secrete gastric juices containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules through the use of enzymes?

Chemical digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vitamins in the body?

Helping in various chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alimentary canal in the digestive system?

To perform all of the above functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of minerals in the body?

They are essential for various body functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

Supplying oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of a balanced diet?

It helps to reduce the risk of certain diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

Providing energy to the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fibre in a healthy diet?

It is a non-digestible carbohydrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary arteries?

Carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: Term Test 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?

What is the main difference in shape between plant and animal cells?

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials in plant cells?

What is the role of centrioles in animal cells?

What allows communication and transport between adjacent plant cells?

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in both plant and animal cells?

What is the main difference in the presence of lysosomes between plant and animal cells?

What happens to plant cells when their vacuoles lose water?

What is the primary energy storage molecule in plant cells?

What type of microscope is suitable for viewing live cells and tissues?

What is the function of the diaphragm in a light microscope?

Why is staining important in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

What is the process of cells becoming specialized to perform distinct functions?

What type of cells are capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells?

What is the function of the stage in a light microscope?

What is the purpose of using a wet mount in preparing specimens for microscopic observation?

What is the main function of epithelial cells?

What is the primary function of electron microscopes?

What is the purpose of the pulmonary arteries?

What is the consequence of a heart attack?

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

What is the function of the trachea?

What is the result of high blood pressure?

What is the function of the alveoli?

What is the primary function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

What is the consequence of a stroke?

What is the process of taking food into the body through the mouth?

What is the purpose of the diaphragm?

What is the name of the eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight?

What is the pathway of oxygenated blood in the systemic circulation?

What is the function of the bronchi?

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

What is the pathway of blood circulation between the heart and the lungs?

What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?

What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

What is the composition of blood?

What is the name of the disease that gradually replaces healthy liver tissue with scar tissue?

What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

What is the hierarchy of organization in multicellular organisms?

What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

What is the purpose of the esophagus in the digestive system?

What is the main purpose of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

What happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

What is the difference between tissue and organ?

What is the role of the mouth in the digestive system?

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

What is the end product of cellular respiration?

What is the purpose of the microscope in observing cells?

What is asthma characterized by?

What is the organization of cells in the human body?

What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

What is the main function of nerves in the nervous system?

What extends from the brainstem down the vertebral column?

What is the function of sensory organs?

What happens when a neuron is stimulated by a sensory input or another neuron?

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord?

What is bronchitis characterized by?

What is a stroke caused by?

What is the primary cause of tuberculosis?

What is the excretory system responsible for?

What is the role of neurons in the nervous system?

What is the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

What is the result of substance abuse on the brain?

What is the purpose of reflex actions?

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the excretory system?

What is the process by which the body retains essential nutrients and maintains fluid balance?

What is the term for the hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys?

What is the name of the tube that connects the bladder to the exterior of the body?

What is the term for the failure of the kidneys to filter blood effectively?

What is the term for the inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection?

What is the function of the nephrons in the kidneys?

What is the term for the process by which waste products and excess substances are secreted from the blood into the renal tubules?