Plant Cell Structure and Organelles

Study Notes

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells, meaning they have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
They have a cell wall, which provides support, protection, and shape to the cell.
The cell wall is made up of:
- Cellulose (main component)
- Hemicellulose
- Pectin
- Lignin (in some plants)

Plastids: responsible for photosynthesis and pigment synthesis
- Chloroplasts: contain the pigment chlorophyll and are responsible for photosynthesis
- Chromoplasts: contain pigments other than chlorophyll and are responsible for coloration
Vacuoles: responsible for storage, waste removal, and maintenance of cell turgor pressure
Mitochondria: responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): responsible for protein synthesis, transport, and storage
Golgi Apparatus: responsible for protein modification, sorting, and secretion
Lysosomes: responsible for cellular digestion and recycling

Plastids: plant cells have the ability to undergo photosynthesis due to the presence of chloroplasts
Cell Wall: plant cells have a rigid cell wall that provides support and structure
Vacuoles: plant cells have large vacuoles that help maintain cell turgor pressure and store nutrients and waste
Plasmodesmata: plant cells have plasmodesmata, which are narrow channels that connect adjacent cells and allow for direct communication and transport of molecules

Photosynthesis: plant cells undergo photosynthesis to produce energy and organic compounds
Support and Structure: plant cells provide support and structure to the plant through their cell walls
Storage: plant cells store nutrients, water, and waste products in their vacuoles
Growth and Development: plant cells are involved in growth and development of the plant through cell division and differentiation

Plant cells are eukaryotic, with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
They have a cell wall, which provides support, protection, and shape to the cell.

Plastids are responsible for photosynthesis and pigment synthesis.
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are responsible for photosynthesis.
Chromoplasts contain pigments other than chlorophyll and are responsible for coloration.

Vacuoles are responsible for storage, waste removal, and maintenance of cell turgor pressure.
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is responsible for protein synthesis, transport, and storage.
Golgi Apparatus is responsible for protein modification, sorting, and secretion.
Lysosomes are responsible for cellular digestion and recycling.

Plastids enable plant cells to undergo photosynthesis.
The rigid cell wall provides support and structure to the plant.
Large vacuoles help maintain cell turgor pressure and store nutrients and waste.
Plasmodesmata are narrow channels that connect adjacent cells, allowing for direct communication and transport of molecules.

Plant cells produce energy and organic compounds through photosynthesis.
They provide support and structure to the plant through their cell walls.
They store nutrients, water, and waste products in their vacuoles.
They are involved in growth and development of the plant through cell division and differentiation.