Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: June Exam Medium

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What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

Chlorophyll

Chitin

Cellulose (correct)

Peptidoglycan

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

To regulate the entry and exit of substances (correct)

To convert light energy into chemical energy

To perform mitosis

To synthesize proteins

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Lysosomes

Chloroplasts (correct)

Mitochondria

Golgi apparatus

What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

To perform the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the composition of plant cell walls compared to other organisms?

They contain cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Why are chloroplasts absent in animal cells?

Because animal cells don't need to perform photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

To absorb light energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have chloroplasts and animal cells don't Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chlorophyll in plant cells?

To capture light energy for photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids in chloroplasts?

Stroma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

To convert solar energy into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the central vacuole filled with?

Water, enzymes, ions, salts, and other substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vacuoles in plant cells?

To store nutrients, waste products, and other substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?

To provide structural support and protection Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in plant cells?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of their cell membranes?

Plant cells have a cell wall, while animal cells do not Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cell wall in bacteria?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

To absorb light energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thylakoids in chloroplasts?

To convert light energy into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the composition of plant cell walls compared to other organisms?

They are composed of cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Why are chloroplasts essential for plant cells?

They convert light energy into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Calvin cycle take place in a chloroplast?

Stroma Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Store nutrients and waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells in terms of shape and structure?

Plant cells have a fixed, rectangular shape due to the cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Cell-to-cell communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Breaking down cellular waste and debris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in both plant and animal cells?

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of electron microscopes?

Observing the ultrastructure of cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the eyepiece (ocular lens) in a light microscope?

Magnifies the image Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes?

Electron microscopes use electrons for higher magnification Signup and view all the answers

Why are vacuoles essential for plant cell growth?

They enable cell growth by absorbing water and expanding Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diaphragm in a microscope?

To control the amount of light reaching the specimen Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope preparation is used for observing living organisms and aquatic samples?

Wet Mount Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells?

Stem Cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for organisms that consist of a single cell that performs all life functions?

Unicellular Organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coarse and fine focus knobs in a microscope?

To adjust the focus of the image Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of ulcers?

Bacterial infections or certain medications Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope preparation is used for observing hair, feathers, pollen grains, or dust?

Dry Mount Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical level of organization that consists of groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

Tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cells are found in tissues like bone marrow and are essential for tissue maintenance and repair?

Adult Stem Cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To exchange gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of blood?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of staining in microscope preparation?

To enhance contrast and allow for better visualization of structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pulmonary circulation?

To oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the digestive system?

To break down food into small particles that can be absorbed into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the digestive system?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What is high blood pressure also known as?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high blood pressure?

Heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and other serious health problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the esophagus in the digestive system?

To move chewed food from the mouth to the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is responsible for producing enzymes that aid in digestion?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What is the description of a heart attack?

A blockage in the coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of systemic circulation?

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine (colon)?

To absorb water and salts from the remaining indigestible food matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of removing undigested or unwanted particles from the body?

Egestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down large food pieces into smaller particles that can be absorbed?

Digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of taking food into the body through the mouth?

Ingestion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an organ system?

Digestive system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a complete living entity capable of performing all life processes?

Organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of lung cancer?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nervous system?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is bronchitis?

The inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurons?

To transmit electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is tuberculosis?

An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensory organs?

To detect external stimuli and send information to the brain for interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cerebrum?

To store memories and generate thoughts and emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nerves?

To transmit neural signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the trachea?

To conduct air from the pharynx to the bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a stroke?

Brain cells begin to die within minutes, which can result in loss of function controlled by the affected brain area Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

To supply oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragm?

To play a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the affected heart muscle being damaged or dying?

The heart muscle can be damaged or die, potentially leading to heart failure or death Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which oxygen diffuses into the capillaries and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the capillaries?

Gaseous exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli?

To facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and relax to change the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Breathing (ventilation) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of cellular respiration?

The production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and the release of carbon dioxide and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharynx?

To conduct air from the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To process and integrate sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between reflex actions and voluntary responses?

Reflex actions are faster and more involuntary Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord from accidents or injuries?

Loss of function, such as paralysis or cognitive impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

To remove waste products from the body Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are responsible for filtering blood to remove waste products and excess substances?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of a stroke?

Sudden numbness Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease?

Progressive loss of neural function Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of substance abuse on the brain?

Irreversible brain damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

Filtering blood to remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis?

To remove waste products generated by the body's cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the stage in a microscope?

To place the slide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform distinct functions?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscope preparation is used for observing living organisms and aquatic samples?

Wet mount Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diaphragm in a microscope?

To control the amount of light Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells?

Stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for organisms that consist of a single cell that performs all life functions?

Unicellular organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of staining in microscope preparation?

To enhance contrast and allow for better visualization of structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical level of organization that consists of groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

Tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stem cells are found in tissues like bone marrow and are essential for tissue maintenance and repair?

Adult stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coarse and fine focus knobs in a microscope?

To adjust the focus of the image Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the digestive system?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the stomach in the digestive system?

To break down food into small particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down large food pieces into smaller particles that can be absorbed?

Digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

To transport blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of removing undigested or unwanted particles from the body?

Egestion Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of high blood pressure?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical level of organization that consists of groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

Tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To exchange gases, nutrients, and waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of blood?

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a complete living entity capable of performing all life processes?

Organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of peristaltic contractions in the esophagus?

To move food from the mouth to the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of systemic circulation?

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

Severe food restriction and starvation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of enzymes in the digestive system?

To break down food into small particles Signup and view all the answers

What is liver cirrhosis?

A disease that gradually replaces healthy liver tissue with scar tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the digestive system?

To provide energy and nutrients to the body Signup and view all the answers

What is diarrhea?

Frequent, loose, watery stools Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

To capture light energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

To provide turgor pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of shape and structure?

Plant cells have a fixed shape, while animal cells have a flexible shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

To allow communication and transport between adjacent cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

To break down cellular waste and debris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in both plant and animal cells?

To break down fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of electron microscopes?

To observe the ultrastructure of cells and tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the eyepiece (ocular lens) in a light microscope?

To magnify the image Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes?

The resolution and magnification capabilities Signup and view all the answers

Why are vacuoles essential for plant cell growth?

They absorb water and expand, enabling cell growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

To provide structural support and protection Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of their cell structure?

Plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for regulating the internal environment of the plant cell?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

To convert light energy into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to plant cells?

Presence of a cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

To convert light energy into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the cell wall in plant cells?

To provide structural support and protection Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of their cell functions?

Plant cells are capable of photosynthesis while animal cells are not Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of asthma?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of lung cancer?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spinal cord?

To transmit neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurons?

To transmit electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of transmitting nerve impulses?

Transmission of nerve impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory organs?

To detect external stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of regular exercise in maintaining respiratory health?

To protect the respiratory system from many common disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the brain in the nervous system?

To coordinate all bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain?

Paralysis, speech difficulties, and memory loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the trachea?

To conduct air from the pharynx to the bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide?

Respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?

To facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of oxygen into the cells and carbon dioxide out of the cells?

Cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

What are the main organs of the respiratory system?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

To change the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow in and out of the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high blood pressure?

Heart failure or death Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bronchi?

To conduct air from the trachea to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which air is taken in and out of the lungs?

Breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To regulate body functions and maintain homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli?

Reflex actions Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of damage to the brain or spinal cord from accidents or injuries?

Loss of function, such as paralysis or cognitive impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the body removes waste products?

Excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

To filter blood to remove waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a stroke on the brain?

Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease?

Progressive loss of neural function Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of substance abuse on the nervous system?

It can cause irreversible brain damage and memory loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis?

To maintain fluid and electrolyte balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nervous system in regulating body functions?

To coordinate various bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscular walls in the ureters?

To propel urine downward through peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bladder?

To store urine until it is ready to be excreted Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of waste products and excess substances being filtered out of the blood in the kidneys?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of essential substances being reabsorbed back into the bloodstream in the kidneys?

Reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urethra in males?

For urination and as a passage for semen during ejaculation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the final waste products and excess substances that are excreted from the body?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal pelvis?

To collect urine from the collecting ducts Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the network of capillaries in the nephrons where blood filtration begins?

Glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

To produce sex cells and ensure the continuation of the species through sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Which female reproductive organ is responsible for producing ova and releasing them during ovulation?

Ovaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

To store and mature sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a fertilized egg implants itself into the lining of the uterus?

Implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To house the testes and regulate their temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

To connect the ovaries to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What happens if fertilization does not occur in the female reproductive system?

The lining of the uterus is shed through the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?

To transport mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

To house and nourish a developing fetus during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce ova and release them during ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of puberty?

To produce gametes and develop reproductive organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pituitary gland in puberty?

To release specific hormones that stimulate sex organ development Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of infertility?

Low sperm count Signup and view all the answers

What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

A condition caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ejaculation in males?

To release semen containing sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is endometriosis?

A condition in which tissue similar to the uterus lining grows outside the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the reproductive system?

To ensure the continuation of species Signup and view all the answers

What are Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)?

Infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact Signup and view all the answers

What is prostate cancer?

A type of cancer that affects the prostate gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of puberty in females?

Breast development Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bladder in the excretory system?

To store urine until urination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys?

Glomerulonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ureters in the excretory system?

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nervous system?

To coordinate the body's actions and sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys?

Kidney stones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection?

Cystitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

To interpret sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys?

Polycystic kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the peripheral nervous system?

To connect the central nervous system to the limbs and organs Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory organ detects light and enables vision?

Eyes Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which neurons in the brain send and receive messages?

Electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

Regulating body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord?

Severe and often irreversible consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted?

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is an example of a degenerative disorder that affects memory and cognition?

Alzheimer's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of substance abuse on the brain?

Permanent damage Signup and view all the answers

During puberty, what happens to the voice of a male?

It becomes deeper Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oestrogen in females?

To regulate the menstrual cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory receptors in the skin?

Detecting pressure, temperature, and pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of olfactory receptors in the nose?

Detecting airborne chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the scrotum in males?

To regulate the temperature of the testes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to sensory organs, such as the eyes or ears?

Impaired sensory function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the urethra in males?

To carry urine and semen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vagina in females?

To serve as the receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse, as the pathway for menstrual blood to leave the body, and as the birth canal during childbirth Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pituitary gland in puberty?

To stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce female sex hormones and store and release eggs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lining of the uterus, also known as the endometrium?

To thicken each month in preparation for potential pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of testosterone in males?

To develop male secondary sexual characteristics and produce sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sperm duct (vas deferens) in males?

To transport mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which an egg is released from an ovary and travels through the fallopian tube towards the uterus?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the penis in males?

To deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

In the fallopian tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the female reproductive cycle?

28-30 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased oil production during puberty?

Acne and body odour Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fallopian tubes?

To connect the ovaries to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bladder in the excretory system?

To store urine until urination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of kidney failure?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is glomerulonephritis?

An inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To transmit nerve impulses between different parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the spinal cord?

To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nerves?

To transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is PKD?

A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain?

To interpret and process sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

To coordinate the body's actions and sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

To connect the CNS to the limbs and organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ureters in the excretory system?

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the bladder in the excretory system?

To store urine until it is ready to be excreted Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the body retains necessary nutrients and maintains fluid balance in the excretory system?

Reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of the excretory process in the kidneys?

Excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the network of capillaries in the nephron where blood filtration begins?

Glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the muscular walls of the ureters in the excretory system?

To propel urine downward through peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of puberty?

To develop the reproductive organs and produce gametes Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the urethra in males and females?

The urethra is shorter in females Signup and view all the answers

What is a common health issue affecting the male reproductive system?

Prostate issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the collecting ducts in the excretory system?

To funnel urine from the nephrons into the renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of untreated Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is infertility characterized by?

Difficulty or impossibility of conceiving a child Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the reproductive system?

To ensure the continuation of the species Signup and view all the answers

What triggers puberty?

Hormones from the pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of endometriosis?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of STD?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the reproductive system important?

To address fertility issues and prevent reproductive health problems Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the scrotum?

To regulate the temperature of the testes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uterus?

To house and nourish a fertilized egg Signup and view all the answers

During puberty, what occurs to the voice in males?

It becomes deeper Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when an egg is released from an ovary?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the urethra?

To carry both urine and semen Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lining of the uterus?

To thicken each month in preparation for potential pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the female reproductive cycle?

28-30 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vagina?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

In the oviduct (Fallopian tube) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pituitary gland in puberty?

To stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for widening of the hips in females during puberty?

Oestrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory organs in the human body?

To process and interpret sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the oviducts (Fallopian tubes)?

To connect the ovaries to the uterus and allow egg travel Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased oil production in both males and females during puberty?

Acne and body odour Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neurons in the brain?

To send and receive electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

How do sound waves enter the ear?

Through the eardrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the penis?

To deliver sperm during ejaculation Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics?

Oestrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus in the brain?

To regulate body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the brain or spinal cord?

Severe and often irreversible consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a stroke on the brain?

It leads to the death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of taste buds on the tongue?

To detect different flavors Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of substance abuse on the brain?

It causes significant damage to the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity?

To detect airborne chemicals and enable the sense of smell Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to sensory receptors or nerves?

Impaired ability to process sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the reproductive system?

To produce sex cells and ensure the continuation of the species through sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce ova and release them during ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

To store and mature sperm cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a fertilized egg implants into the lining of the uterus?

Implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?

To connect the ovaries to the uterus and facilitate fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?

To transport mature sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra Signup and view all the answers

What occurs if fertilization does not occur in the female reproductive system?

The lining of the uterus is shed through the vagina in a process known as menstruation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

To support the development of a fetus during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

To house the testes and regulate their temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which an ovary releases a mature egg in the female reproductive system?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the thickened uterine lining during ovulation?

To prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization typically occur?

In the oviducts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo while removing waste Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thickened uterine lining if the egg is not fertilized?

It is shed and expelled from the body through the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fertilization?

The formation of a single zygote Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo while removing waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the journey of sperm after ejaculation?

Through the cervix, into the oviducts, and towards the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ovulation?

To release a mature egg from one of the ovaries Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

It relaxes and returns to its dome shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of alveoli in the lungs?

To facilitate the exchange of gases Signup and view all the answers

During which process does oxygen diffuse from the alveoli into the blood?

Inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of gaseous exchange in the lungs?

To maintain the body's homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of damage to alveoli?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of digestion involves the physical breakdown of food through chewing and churning?

Mechanical digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the alimentary canal?

Mechanical digestion and secretion of gastric juices Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds each alveolus?

A dense network of capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

Amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs?

To distribute air throughout the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Why is the structure of the lungs adapted for efficient gaseous exchange?

To increase the surface area for gaseous exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the alimentary canal?

Absorption of nutrients and transportation to cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of inflated alveoli?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body?

Egestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the series of muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the alimentary canal is responsible for the initial breakdown of food through mechanical and chemical digestion?

Mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oesophagus in the alimentary canal?

Transportation of food through peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine (colon) in the alimentary canal?

Absorption of water and salts Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the alimentary canal stores feces until they are expelled through the anus during defecation?

Rectum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source for the body?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for strong bones and teeth?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fiber in the diet?

Maintaining regular bowel movements and preventing constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of water in the human body?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is essential for healthy skin and gums?

Vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of poor dietary choices?

Malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the seven essential groups of food?

To maintain proper body function Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oils in the diet?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemical tests in identifying food molecules?

To identify the types of food molecules present in different foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the left atrium in the heart?

To receive oxygen-rich blood from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of a balanced diet?

For maintaining proper body function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arteries?

To transport blood away from the heart Signup and view all the answers

In which organelle does cellular respiration occur?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and body cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood?

Veins to right atrium to right ventricle to lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the right ventricle?

To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of arteries?

They have strong, muscular walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a lower resting heart rate?

It indicates better cardiovascular fitness Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells receive oxygen and expel carbon dioxide?

Gaseous exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the umbilical cord during human pregnancy?

To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo from the mother's bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period of time during which the embryo develops into a fetus?

Gestation period Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of consuming alcohol during pregnancy?

It can cause serious birth defects known as Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

To contract and flatten, moving downwards Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the heart in the respiratory system?

To pump oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which oxygen from the inhaled air enters the blood in the capillaries?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tiny air sacs located at the ends of the bronchioles?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

To contract and expand the rib cage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pathway that air takes during inhalation and exhalation?

Air pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not treating Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)?

It can lead to infertility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the left ventricle in the heart?

To pump oxygenated blood into the aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To connect arteries and veins, facilitating gaseous exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the by-product of cellular respiration in the mitochondria?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of veins in the circulatory system?

To transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a lower resting heart rate?

It indicates better cardiovascular fitness and efficient heart function Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?

Veins to right atrium to right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thickened uterine lining during ovulation?

To prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the sperm that do not penetrate the egg during fertilization?

They fail to reach the egg and are eliminated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pulmonary circulation?

To facilitate gaseous exchange in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

To provide nutrients and oxygen to the embryo Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high blood pressure?

It may signal potential health issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the egg's surface changes to prevent additional sperm from entering?

Penetration Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of menstruation if the egg is not fertilized?

The uterine lining is shed and expelled from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway that sperm take during sexual intercourse?

Vagina, cervix, uterus, oviducts Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fertilization process?

The formation of a zygote Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the embryo in the formation of the placenta?

The embryo partly forms the placenta with the mother's contribution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the umbilical cord during pregnancy?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the embryo and the placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period of time during which the embryo develops into a fetus?

Gestation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?

To contract and flatten Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood in the lungs?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the heart in the respiratory system?

To pump oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

To expand the rib cage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mechanical digestion in the alimentary canal?

To break down food into smaller molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth?

Amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small intestine in the alimentary canal?

To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that moves food through the alimentary canal?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oesophagus in the alimentary canal?

To move food from the mouth to the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the alimentary canal is responsible for storing feces until defecation?

Rectum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of expelling undigested and unabsorbed food from the body?

Egestion Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach?

Protease Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

To increase the surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the alimentary canal?

To mix food with digestive enzymes and acids Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

It relaxes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source for the body?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?

To facilitate the exchange of gases Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for building and repairing body cells and tissues?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the decreased thoracic volume during exhalation?

The internal pressure increases, expelling air from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibre in the digestive system?

To help maintain regular bowel movements and prevent constipation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oxygen during inhalation?

It is absorbed from the air into the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamins in the body?

To help in various chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of poor dietary choices?

Obesity, malnutrition, and chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the capillaries in the lungs?

To provide a dense network for efficient gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of water in the body?

To facilitate the transport of nutrients and waste around the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of efficient gaseous exchange in the lungs?

Continuous supply of oxygen to the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that results from inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of a balanced diet?

To ensure proper body function Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi and bronchioles?

To distribute air throughout the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fats and oils in the body?

To protect and insulate organs, and maintain healthy hair and nails Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of minerals in the diet?

Various foods like bananas, nuts, green leafy vegetables, and milk Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of damage to the alveoli, reducing the surface area for gas exchange?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of vitamins in the body?

To help in various chemical reactions and maintain healthy skin and gums Signup and view all the answers

What are compounds composed of?

Two or more different kinds of atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

A cluster of atoms bonded together in a specific manner Signup and view all the answers

What is a formula unit?

The smallest repeating unit that represents a compound's composition Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about elements?

They are made up of only one kind of atom Signup and view all the answers

What is a diatomic molecule?

A molecule made up of two atoms of the same element Signup and view all the answers

What is the fixed ratio in compounds?

The ratio of atoms in a compound is always fixed Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a compound with a fixed ratio?

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) Signup and view all the answers

What does the fixed ratio in compounds determine?

The unique properties of the compound Signup and view all the answers

What is the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound?

Bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of representation at which we can observe substances and their changes with our senses?

Macroscopic Level Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of representation that involves imagining or visualizing the particles that make up substances?

Submicroscopic Level Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of representation that uses chemical symbols and formulae to represent substances and the changes they undergo during chemical reactions?

Symbolic Level Signup and view all the answers

What is the process in which substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of bonds?

Chemical Reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is a substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

Reactant Signup and view all the answers

What is a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction?

Product Signup and view all the answers

What is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulae?

Chemical Equation Signup and view all the answers

How do scientists approach understanding chemical reactions?

On three distinct levels: macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a chemical reaction?

Hydrogen (H₂) combining with oxygen (O₂) to form water (H₂O) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between water and hydrogen peroxide?

Their ratios of hydrogen and oxygen atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in the reactivity of alkali metals with water?

They react more vigorously with increasing atomic number. Signup and view all the answers

What holds atoms together in a compound?

Chemical bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the suffix used to name non-metal elements in a compound containing a metal and a non-metal?

-ide Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the compound with the formula CO₂?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a chemical formula?

To indicate the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the IUPAC naming system?

To standardize the names of compounds Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the original version of the Periodic Table?

Dmitri Mendeleev Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between metals, non-metals, and semi-metals?

Their physical properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the compound iron sulfide?

FeS Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix used to indicate two atoms of an element in a compound?

di- Signup and view all the answers

What information is typically included on a tile on the Periodic Table?

The element's atomic number and symbol Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the compound with the formula LiF?

Lithium fluoride Signup and view all the answers

How are elements arranged on the Periodic Table?

In order of increasing atomic number Signup and view all the answers

What is the general rule for naming compounds containing only non-metals?

The element further to the left on the Periodic Table is named first, followed by the second element with the suffix '-ide'. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the subscripts in a chemical formula?

To indicate the number of each type of atom in a molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the compound magnesium oxide?

MgO Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the unique name and symbol of an element?

Chemical symbol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Periodic Table?

To organize elements in order of increasing atomic number Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the compound with the formula N₂O₄?

Dinitrogen tetroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the combustion reaction between iron and oxygen?

Iron oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the device used to produce a brief burst of bright light in photography?

Camera flash Signup and view all the answers

What is the observation when magnesium is ignited?

It produces a bright white flame Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbolic representation of the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy released during the combustion reaction of magnesium?

Light and heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of magnesium combining with oxygen from the air?

Combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between iron and oxygen?

Iron oxide and light Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using fine steel threads in the combustion reaction of iron?

To increase the surface area Signup and view all the answers

What is the safety precaution necessary during demonstrations of combustion reactions?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the representation of a chemical reaction using particle diagrams?

Picture equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component that reacts with oxygen to form rust?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following environments accelerates the rusting process?

Moist environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of galvanising iron with zinc?

To prevent rusting by forming a protective layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of galvanization?

To provide a protective barrier against rust Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction that occurs when a non-metal burns in oxygen?

The non-metal gains oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is preferred over iron or steel in corrosive environments?

Aluminum Signup and view all the answers

What is a balanced equation in chemistry?

An equation where the reactants and products have the same number of atoms and molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light?

Combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rust formation on metal objects?

Structural integrity is degraded Signup and view all the answers

Why does rusting occur more quickly in environments that are moist or corrosive?

Because the salt in the air accelerates the reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule when balancing a chemical equation?

Change the coefficients in front of the chemical formulas to balance the equation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between carbon and oxygen?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method to prevent rust?

Applying a coating Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of iron reacting with oxygen?

Combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chroming metal?

To prevent rusting by forming a protective layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chromium coating?

To provide a protective layer against rust Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual effect of iron burning in air?

It produces a bright orange spark. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using steel wool in combustion reactions?

It has a large surface area. Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between sulfur and oxygen?

Sulfur + oxygen → sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Why is steel used in construction?

Because it is strong Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen?

Phosphorus + oxygen → phosphorus pentoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of balancing the equation of magnesium burning in oxygen?

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of not protecting iron and steel from rust?

The metal's longevity and durability are degraded Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coatings in preventing rust?

To provide a barrier against moisture and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of combustion?

A chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat and light. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of galvanised products in various applications?

To provide added strength and rust resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding coefficients in front of the chemical formulas when balancing an equation?

To balance the number of atoms on both sides of the equation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between zinc and oxygen?

Zinc oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of balancing the equation of methane combustion?

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule when adding coefficients to balance a chemical equation?

Add coefficients only to the species that are not balanced. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a coefficient in a chemical equation?

To indicate the number of molecules or atoms involved in the reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a subscript in a chemical formula?

To indicate the number of atoms of each element in a molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a reactant and a product in a chemical reaction?

Reactants are the substances that undergo change during the reaction, while products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a word equation?

To represent a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a picture equation?

To represent a chemical reaction using submicroscopic diagrams Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a chemical equation?

To represent a chemical reaction using chemical symbols and formulae Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a balanced equation?

A chemical equation that accurately represents the conservation of mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

To accurately represent the conservation of mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a chemical equation and a chemical reaction?

A chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction, while a chemical reaction is the actual process Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a chemical formula?

To represent a substance using symbols for its constituent elements Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when metals react with oxygen?

Metal oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the general word equation for reactions involving metals and oxygen?

Metal + oxygen → metal oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coefficients in chemical equations?

To ensure the number of atoms is equal on both sides of the equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the oxide formed when Group 1 metals react with oxygen?

M₂O Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the flaky, crusty, reddish-brown product that forms on iron when it reacts with oxygen in the air?

Rust Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which rust forms on iron?

Corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for iron(III) oxide?

Fe₂O₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of rust?

Iron oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with their environment?

Corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the alloy made primarily of iron and carbon known for its strength and used in construction and manufacturing?

Steel Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between sulfur and oxygen?

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic name of the product formed in the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen?

Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of sulfur dioxide in food preservation?

To prevent bacterial growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between sulfur and oxygen?

S + O2 → SO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the health risk associated with exposure to sulfur dioxide?

Respiratory problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for compounds formed when non-metals react with oxygen?

Non-metal oxides Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen?

Water (H2O) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen?

4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic name of water?

Dihydrogen monoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of oxide formed when phosphorus reacts with oxygen?

Pentoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the combustion reaction of carbon?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a compound formed when a non-metal reacts with oxygen?

Non-metal oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactant in the combustion reaction of sulfur?

Sulfur Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gas produced when sulfur burns in oxygen?

Sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of energy for electricity generation in power stations?

Coal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light?

Combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual representation of carbon reacting with oxygen?

Picture equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactant in the combustion reaction of carbon?

Carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding the combustion reaction of carbon?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the combustion reaction of sulfur?

To understand its applications and implications Signup and view all the answers

What is the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound?

Chemical bond Signup and view all the answers

At which level can we observe substances and their changes with our senses?

Macroscopic level Signup and view all the answers

What is the level at which we represent substances using chemical symbols and formulae?

Symbolic level Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a process in which substances are transformed into different substances through the breaking and forming of bonds?

Chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which level involves imagining or visualizing the particles that make up substances?

Submicroscopic level Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction?

Reactant Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water?

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the combustion reaction of iron?

Iron(III) oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between potassium and water?

Potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Signup and view all the answers

Why are safety precautions necessary during demonstrations of combustion reactions?

Because they release intense heat and light Signup and view all the answers

Which level of representation uses chemical symbols and formulae to describe the composition and transformation of matter?

Symbolic level Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fine steel threads in the combustion reaction of iron?

To increase the surface area Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulae?

Chemical equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula FeS?

Iron sulfide Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbolic representation of the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of the naming system developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)?

It provides a standardized method for naming compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction?

Product Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix used to indicate two atoms in a compound?

di- Signup and view all the answers

What is the macroscopic observation of the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

Magnesium burns with a bright white flame Signup and view all the answers

What is the submicroscopic representation of the reactants in the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

Magnesium atoms and oxygen molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula LiF?

Lithium fluoride Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy change observed in the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

Energy is released Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between lithium and water?

Lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when magnesium combines with oxygen?

Magnesium oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula CO?

Carbon monoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which magnesium reacts with oxygen?

Combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of alkali metals?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula N₂O₄?

Dinitrogen tetroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the demonstration of the combustion reaction of magnesium?

It demonstrates the combustion reaction of metals with oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the IUPAC naming system?

To provide a standardized method for naming compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a compound?

A substance made up of two or more different kinds of atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest repeating unit that represents the compound's composition in a crystal lattice?

Formula unit Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the atoms in a compound?

They are always combined in a fixed ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a diatomic molecule?

Hydrogen (H₂) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between water (H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)?

The number of oxygen atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a molecule?

A cluster of atoms that are bonded together in a specific manner. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of crystal lattices?

Atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for elements that naturally exist as diatomic molecules?

Elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the general word equation for the reaction of metals with oxygen?

metal + oxygen → metal oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula of the oxide formed when Group 1 metals react with oxygen?

M₂O Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with their environment?

Corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coefficients in a chemical equation?

To balance the number of atoms of each element in the equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for materials or coatings that prevent or slow down the formation of rust?

Rust-resistant Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction of iron with oxygen?

4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the flaky, crusty, reddish-brown product that forms on iron when it reacts with oxygen in the air?

Rust Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of balancing a chemical equation?

Balancing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subscripts in a chemical formula?

To indicate the number of atoms of each element in the molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemical bonds in a compound?

To attract and hold the atoms together Signup and view all the answers

What does the subscript in a chemical formula indicate?

The number of each type of atom Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Periodic Table?

To organize all known elements in a systematic way Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table based on?

Atomic number Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between metals and non-metals?

Metals are found on the left-hand side of the Periodic Table, while non-metals are on the right-hand side Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the chemical symbol in the Periodic Table?

To provide a unique abbreviation of the element's name Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a chemical reaction?

The rearrangement of atoms to form new molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the groups in the Periodic Table?

To group elements with similar properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the atomic number and atomic mass of an element?

The atomic number is the number of protons, while the atomic mass is the total number of protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the atomic number in the Periodic Table?

To identify the position of an element in the table Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a balanced equation?

A equation where the number and type of atoms are the same on both sides Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?

Count the atoms of reactants and products Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule for modifying a chemical equation to balance it?

Change the coefficients of reactants and products Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of burning iron or steel wool in air?

It produces a bright orange spark Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of light and heat?

Combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the demonstration of burning iron or steel wool in air?

To demonstrate the combustion reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual effect of burning iron or steel wool in air?

It produces a bright orange spark Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxygen in the combustion reaction of iron or steel wool?

It reacts with iron to produce heat and light Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of chemical reaction that occurs when iron or steel wool burns in air?

Combustion reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the alloy primarily composed of iron that is used in the demonstration of burning iron or steel wool in air?

Steel Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between iron and oxygen in the presence of water?

Hydrated iron oxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following environments accelerates the rusting process?

Moist environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of galvanizing iron or steel?

To prevent rusting by providing a protective barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rusting on metal structures?

It degrades the structural integrity and appearance of the metal Signup and view all the answers

Why are materials like wood or aluminum preferred in corrosive environments?

They are more resistant to rusting Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying coatings to iron or steel?

To prevent rusting by providing a protective barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of acid presence in the air?

It accelerates the rusting process Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of alloying iron with other elements?

To create rust-resistant alloys Signup and view all the answers

Why is steel commonly used in construction?

It is a strong and durable material Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chromium coating on iron?

To prevent rusting by providing a protective barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a coefficient in a chemical equation?

To indicate the number of molecules or atoms involved Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a subscript and a coefficient in a chemical equation?

A subscript is used to indicate the number of atoms, while a coefficient is used to indicate the number of molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the key component of a chemical reaction?

Reactants and products Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a word equation?

To represent the reactants and products using their names Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a picture equation?

To visually represent the reactants and products using submicroscopic diagrams Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a chemical equation?

To represent the reactants and products using chemical symbols and formulae Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of a balanced equation?

When the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

To ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of iron reacting with oxygen to form iron oxide?

Rusting Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the dulling or discoloration of metal due to a chemical reaction?

Tarnishing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of coating iron with chromium?

To prevent rust Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between zinc and oxygen that forms a protective layer?

2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO Signup and view all the answers

In which environments is rusting accelerated?

Moist or corrosive environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the general word equation for the reaction of non-metals with oxygen?

Non-metal + oxygen → non-metal oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction of carbon with oxygen?

C + O2 → CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction of sulfur with oxygen?

Sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light?

Combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of galvanising with zinc?

To prevent rust Signup and view all the answers

What is the common application of galvanised products?

Construction and household items Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of the combustion reaction of carbon with oxygen?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of zinc oxide that makes it an effective protective layer?

It is non-porous Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light?

Combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of compound formed when a non-metal reacts with oxygen?

Non-metal oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the flame produced when sulfur burns in oxygen?

Blue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for electricity generation in coal-powered power stations?

Combustion of carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the toxic gas produced when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

Sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the combustion reaction of carbon in coal-powered power stations?

To generate electricity Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding the combustion reaction of carbon?

It helps us appreciate its benefits and environmental impact Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactant that reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide?

Carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the combustion reaction of sulfur?

It is used in the production of sulfuric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between sulfur and oxygen?

Sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for compounds formed when non-metals react with oxygen?

Non-metal oxides Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic name of the product formed when phosphorus reacts with oxygen?

Phosphorus pentoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the oxide formed when hydrogen reacts with oxygen?

Dihydrogen monoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the oxide formed when carbon reacts with oxygen?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using sulfur dioxide in wine production?

To preserve the quality of the wine Signup and view all the answers

What is the toxicity of sulfur dioxide?

Highly toxic Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen?

4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen?

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name of the oxide formed when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

Sulfur dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of strong acids?

pH 1-3 Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an acid and a base react to form a neutral solution?

They form a salt and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a universal indicator?

To measure the pH of a solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of neutral substances?

Equal to 7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of an acid and a base reacting to form a neutral solution?

Neutralisation reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of weak bases?

pH 7-10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using indicators in measuring pH?

To measure the pH of a solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a substance?

pH scale Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the acidity of an acid when it reacts with a base?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical product of a neutralisation reaction?

Water and a salt Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between non-metals and oxygen?

Formation of non-metal oxides Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of writing word equations, picture equations, and chemical equations?

To understand and represent chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of balancing chemical equations?

To reflect the conservation of mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH value a measure of?

The measurement of acidity or basicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of indicators in acid-base chemistry?

To show whether a solution is acidic or basic Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding the reactions of non-metals with oxygen?

It provides insights into the behavior and properties of different elements and compounds Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds form solutions with pH values above 7 when dissolved in water?

Metal hydroxides Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide?

Acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

Salt and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the universal indicator paper in the experiment involving sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?

To measure the pH of the resulting solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

Salt, water, and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the experiment involving calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?

To study the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid an example of?

Neutralization reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

Salt and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

Salt, water, and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a pharmacist's work?

The application of medications in healthcare Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of shells of marine organisms, snails, pearls, oysters, and bird eggshells?

Calcium carbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the general pattern of the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide?

Exchange reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical workplace of a pharmacist?

Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, and healthcare facilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a pharmacist and a chemist?

A pharmacist is more focused on application, while a chemist is more focused on research Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of the solution when a metal oxide is dissolved in water?

pH > 7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding lime to soil in agricultural practices?

To increase the pH of the soil Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of a pharmacist in ensuring patient care?

Providing patient counseling Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide?

Salt and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal?

acid + metal → salt + hydrogen gas Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in the education of a pharmacist versus a chemist?

A pharmacist has a degree in pharmacy, while a chemist has a degree in chemistry Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of non-metal oxides?

Acidic and form solutions with pH < 7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a chemist?

To study the composition, properties, and reactions of substances Signup and view all the answers

What is observed during the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium?

Bubbles form and a gas is produced Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the universal indicator paper in the experiment?

To measure the pH of the solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide?

acid + metal oxide → salt + water Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the gas collection apparatus in the investigation?

To collect and test the gas produced Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of metal hydroxides?

Basic and form solutions with pH > 7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium?

2HCl + Mg → MgCl₂ + H₂ Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide in terms of pH?

The pH of the solution increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thistle funnel in the investigation?

To add the acid to the magnesium Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a base?

acid + base → salt + water Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium besides hydrogen gas?

Magnesium chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the steps to write reaction equations?

To balance the chemical equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of adding lime to soil to increase its pH and provide calcium for plant growth?

Liming Signup and view all the answers

Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: June Exam Medium

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

What is unique about the composition of plant cell walls compared to other organisms?

Why are chloroplasts absent in animal cells?

What is the function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells?

What is the main function of chlorophyll in plant cells?

What is the name of the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids in chloroplasts?

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

What is the central vacuole filled with?

What is the main function of vacuoles in plant cells?

What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in plant cells?

What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of their cell membranes?

What is the main component of the cell wall in bacteria?

What is the function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

What is the main function of the thylakoids in chloroplasts?

What is unique about the composition of plant cell walls compared to other organisms?

Why are chloroplasts essential for plant cells?

Where does the Calvin cycle take place in a chloroplast?

What is the main function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells in terms of shape and structure?

What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

What is the primary function of peroxisomes in both plant and animal cells?

What is the primary function of electron microscopes?

What is the function of the eyepiece (ocular lens) in a light microscope?

What is the primary difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes?

Why are vacuoles essential for plant cell growth?

What is the purpose of the diaphragm in a microscope?

Which type of microscope preparation is used for observing living organisms and aquatic samples?

What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform distinct functions?

Which type of cells are capable of dividing and differentiating into various specialized cells?

What is the term for organisms that consist of a single cell that performs all life functions?

What is the purpose of the coarse and fine focus knobs in a microscope?

What is the primary cause of ulcers?

Which type of microscope preparation is used for observing hair, feathers, pollen grains, or dust?

What is the hierarchical level of organization that consists of groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

Which type of stem cells are found in tissues like bone marrow and are essential for tissue maintenance and repair?

What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

What is the main component of blood?

What is the purpose of staining in microscope preparation?

What is the purpose of pulmonary circulation?

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the digestive system?

What is high blood pressure also known as?

What is the consequence of high blood pressure?

What is the purpose of the esophagus in the digestive system?

Which of the following organs is responsible for producing enzymes that aid in digestion?

What is the description of a heart attack?

What is the purpose of systemic circulation?

What is the primary function of the large intestine (colon)?

What is the process of removing undigested or unwanted particles from the body?

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

What is the term for the process of breaking down large food pieces into smaller particles that can be absorbed?

What is the term for the process of taking food into the body through the mouth?

Which of the following is an example of an organ system?

What is the term for a complete living entity capable of performing all life processes?

What is the primary cause of lung cancer?

What is the main function of the nervous system?

What is bronchitis?

What is the primary function of neurons?

What is the primary function of the brain?

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

What is tuberculosis?

What is the primary function of sensory organs?

What is the primary function of the cerebrum?

What is the primary function of nerves?

What is the main function of the trachea?

What is the consequence of a stroke?

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

What is the function of the diaphragm?

What is the consequence of the affected heart muscle being damaged or dying?

What is the process by which oxygen diffuses into the capillaries and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the capillaries?