Plant Breeding Methods and Seed Certification
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Questions and Answers

What is the main advantage of using the bulk population strategy in crop improvement?

  • It allows for immediate artificial selection.
  • It enhances natural selection effects in early generations. (correct)
  • It produces higher yields in the first generation.
  • It reduces the need for genetic variability.

    • What is the initial step in the single seed descent method?

  • Evaluation of germplasm.
  • Creation of a base population through crossing. (correct)
  • Selection of individual plants.
  • Release of cultivars.

    • Which of the following is NOT a focus of the crop improvement process described?

  • Creating variability.
  • Setting breeding goals.
  • Release and maintenance of cultivars.
  • Immediate selection of superior plants. (correct)

    • What does single seed descent primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Reducing overall breeding time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is delaying artificial selection until later generations significant?

    <p>It allows for a broader evaluation of the population's potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation does the single seed descent method aim to advance to quickly?

    <p>F5 generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of natural selection in the bulk population crop improvement strategy?

    <p>It facilitates early generations of the breeding process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect involved in the assembly and maintenance of cultivars within crop improvement?

    <p>Continuous genetic assessment over generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the advanced yield test?

    <p>To conduct yield assessments under supervised conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization governs the evaluation of variability in crop improvement?

    <p>National Seed Industry Council (NSIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of locations required for a general yield test?

    <p>3 locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many replications are required for the advanced yield test?

    <p>4 replications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Act governs the processes related to the Seed Industry in the given context?

    <p>Republic Act 7308</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of full-sib family selection?

    <p>To identify and select superior full-sib families for breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step follows the selection of superior full-sib families in the breeding process?

    <p>Recombining the selected families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which type of crosses are full-sib families generated?

    <p>Biparental crosses using parents from a base population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical initial step in the crop improvement process?

    <p>Setting breeding goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of crop improvement, what is meant by 'evaluation'?

    <p>Assessing the performance and characteristics of selected families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of mass selection in breeding?

    <p>To improve the population by increasing desirable gene frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes pure line selection?

    <p>It includes multiple cycles of selfing followed by selection from homozygous lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the foundational theory behind pure line selection?

    <p>Formulated by Johannsen in 1903</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mass selection, what criterion is primarily used to discriminate individual plants?

    <p>Plant phenotype characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about mass selection is true?

    <p>It is the oldest method of breeding for both self-pollinated and cross-pollinated crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is NOT part of the breeding process in crop improvement?

    <p>Implementing genetic engineering from the outset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'assembly and maintenance of germplasm' typically refer to in the context of breeding?

    <p>The collection and preservation of genetic material for future breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which selection method would be preferable when aiming for a stable, homogeneous population?

    <p>Pure line selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a quality attribute tested for seeds?

    <p>Nutritional content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be achieved for seeds to receive an official certification tag?

    <p>Meeting field and laboratory standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crops requires seed testing?

    <p>Herbs and spices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of tagging in the seed certification process?

    <p>To indicate compliance with certification standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quality attribute assesses the physical condition of the seeds?

    <p>Mechanical injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does varietal purity refer to in seed testing?

    <p>The genetic uniformity of a seed lot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically evaluated when assessing seed quality?

    <p>Flavor profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does seed health impact the overall quality of seeds?

    <p>It influences disease resistance and growth success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Breeding Methods

    • Mass selection is the oldest method to improve self-pollinated plants.
    • Mass selection may be also applied to cross-pollinated crops.
    • Pure line selection was developed in 1903 by Johannsen. Repeated cycles of selfing follow the initial selection from a mixture of homozygous lines.
    • Bulk population strategy is a method of crop improvement that utilizes natural selection directly in the early generations and delays artificial selection until later generations.
    • Single seed descent is used to accelerate breeding by inbreeding a population prior to individual plant selection and evaluation, and to reduce genotype loss during segregating generations.
    • Full-sib family selection is a method in which superior families are generated from biparental crosses using parents from a base population.

    Seed Certification in the Philippines

    • The National Seed Industry Council (NSIC), created by Republic Act 7308 (Seed Industry Development Act) in 1992 governs the seed certification process.
    • Seed certification requires testing of seeds for quality attributes such as germination, purity, varietal purity, moisture content, seed health, vigor, and mechanical injury.
    • Seed certification applies to various crops, including agricultural and vegetable seeds, tree and shrub seeds, and flower, spice, herb, and medicinal species seeds.
    • Certified seed is labeled with a tag indicating the results of seed analysis.

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    Related Documents

    Crop Improvement and Seed Selection PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential plant breeding methods including mass selection, pure line selection, bulk population strategy, and more. Additionally, it delves into seed certification processes in the Philippines, emphasizing the role of the National Seed Industry Council. Test your knowledge on these important agricultural concepts.

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