Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the incorrect statement regarding DNA fingerprinting?
What is the incorrect statement regarding DNA fingerprinting?
- Polymorphism in the DNA sequence is the basis of DNA fingerprinting
- It is a very quick way to compare the DNA sequences of any two individuals
- It has application in forensic science but no use in determining population and genetics diversities (correct)
- The technique involves southern blot hybridisation using radiolabelled VNTR as a probe
In DNA fingerprinting, what is the basis of comparison between different individuals?
In DNA fingerprinting, what is the basis of comparison between different individuals?
- Homogeneity in the DNA sequence
- Variability in the DNA sequence known as polymorphism
- Presence of mutations in the DNA sequence (correct)
- Similarity in the genetic material
Which of the following stages in meiosis correctly matches with its description?
Which of the following stages in meiosis correctly matches with its description?
- Leptotene - Chromosomes gradually visible
- Diplotene - Chiasmata visible (correct)
- Zygotene - Exchange of genetic material
- Pachytene - Chromosomes fully condensed
Among the listed genetic disorders, which one is not transferred from males to both sons and daughters?
Among the listed genetic disorders, which one is not transferred from males to both sons and daughters?
Down’s syndrome is mainly caused by:
Down’s syndrome is mainly caused by:
In Sphagnum, where are the male and female reproductive organs typically found?
In Sphagnum, where are the male and female reproductive organs typically found?
Which of the following is NOT a correct matching for fungi?
Which of the following is NOT a correct matching for fungi?
How many pollen grains and mitosis are required to produce 50 male gametes in an angiosperm?
How many pollen grains and mitosis are required to produce 50 male gametes in an angiosperm?
Which of the following is NOT a component of phloem in plants?
Which of the following is NOT a component of phloem in plants?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the stele in plants?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the stele in plants?
Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary advanced feature of salvinia and selaginella?
Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary advanced feature of salvinia and selaginella?
What causes sickle cell anaemia?
What causes sickle cell anaemia?
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Study Notes
DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA fingerprinting compares patterns of DNA sequences among individuals, focusing on variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) and short tandem repeats (STRs).
- The technique establishes genetic identity through unique patterns present in the individual's DNA.
Meiosis Stages
- Each stage of meiosis has distinct functions: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Detailed descriptions of each phase help identify them correctly.
Genetic Disorders
- Certain genetic disorders, such as hemophilia, are typically transferred solely from males to daughters and not to sons, indicating sex-linked inheritance.
Down’s Syndrome
- Down’s syndrome arises mainly from trisomy 21, caused by an abnormal cell division resulting in an extra chromosome.
Reproductive Organs in Sphagnum
- In Sphagnum moss, male gametes (antheridia) and female gametes (archegonia) are generally found on different gametophytes, demonstrating a sexual dimorphism.
Fungal Matching
- Correct pairings for fungi include various classifications such as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, but certain listed pairings may be inaccurate or misclassified.
Pollen Grains and Mitosis
- To produce 50 male gametes in angiosperms, mitosis occurs within microspores, needing a total of 50 pollen grains which undergoes mitotic division.
Phloem Components
- Phloem is primarily composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and parenchyma. There are components like xylem that do not belong to phloem.
Stele Components
- The stele includes vascular tissue such as xylem and phloem, but does not include non-vascular elements like epidermis.
Evolutionary Features of Salvinia and Selaginella
- Salvinia and Selaginella exhibit advanced features such as heterospory but may possess traits that aren't evolutionary advancements in other plant groups.
Sickle Cell Anemia
- Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene on chromosome 11, leading to abnormal hemoglobin that distorts red blood cells into a sickle shape.
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