Plant Biology Primary Meristems

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Questions and Answers

Which tissue system is derived from the protoderm in plants?

Phloem

Xylem

Pith

Epidermis (correct)

What is the primary function of vascular cambium in plants?

Production of primary xylem

Production of secondary xylem and phloem (correct)

Initiation of root meristems

Formation of epidermal cells

Which statement accurately describes fusiform initials in vascular cambium?

They form rays for nutrient storage.

They produce only xylem.

They generate both secondary xylem and phloem. (correct)

They aid in nutrient distribution in leaves.

Which type of meristematic tissue is primarily responsible for a plant's increase in girth?

Lateral meristem Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes primary meristems from permanent tissues in plants?

Primary meristems are capable of cell division, whereas permanent tissues are not. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a permanent tissue in plants?

Parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What role do ray initials in vascular cambium play in plant physiology?

They aid in the transport of water and nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Which meristematic tissue is responsible for creating new vascular tissues in plants?

Vascular cambium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue is primarily responsible for the growth of a plant in height?

Apical meristems Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes meristematic tissues in plants?

They can continually divide to produce more cells. Signup and view all the answers

In which part of a plant are lateral meristems primarily found?

Along the sides of stems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of permanent plant tissue?

Meristematic tissue Signup and view all the answers

How do apical meristems contribute to the overall structure of a plant?

By producing primary tissues for height growth Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes lateral meristems from apical meristems?

Lateral meristems contribute to thickness growth, while apical meristems contribute to height growth. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is considered a complex permanent tissue?

Phloem Signup and view all the answers

Which function does sclerenchyma tissue primarily serve in plants?

Support and strength Signup and view all the answers

What defines permanent tissues in plants?

They comprise fully matured cells that do not divide. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is classified as complex permanent tissue?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cork in plants?

Protect against damage and disease. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about meristematic tissues is true?

They are capable of continuous cell division. Signup and view all the answers

How does cork cambium contribute to the structure of woody plants?

It generates cork cells that replace the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes simple permanent tissues from complex permanent tissues?

Simple tissues are made up of one kind of cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of plant structure is correctly described as periderm?

It is formed by layers of cork and cork cambium. Signup and view all the answers

What role does suberin play in plant physiology?

Serves as a waxy barrier to water loss. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Meristematic Tissues

Primary meristems are derived from apical meristems, producing protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem.
Apical meristems facilitate the primary growth of plants, resulting in height increase.
Located at root tips and terminal buds, these meristems continuously divide, elongating the plant's root and shoot systems.

Lateral Meristems

Secondary growth involves lateral meristems, which increase the plant's diameter and girth, enhancing sturdiness and rigidity.
Key lateral meristems include vascular cambium and cork cambium, found along the length of the plant.

Vascular Cambium

Vascular cambium generates secondary xylem (wood) and phloem, contributing to a plant's structural integrity.
Inward growth produces xylem, while outward growth yields phloem, adding layers of secondary xylem over time, resulting in wood.
Composed of two cell types: ray initials (important for radial nutrient transport) and fusiform initials (produce secondary xylem and phloem).

Cork Cambium

Cork cambium produces cork, which replaces the epidermis in mature plants and protects against damage and pathogens.
Cork releases suberin, a waxy substance that minimizes water loss, forming the protective layer known as periderm.
Bark is composed of phloem, cork cambium, and cork, differing from periderm.

Permanent Tissues

Meristematic tissues differentiate into permanent tissues, which are mature and do not divide.
Provide support, transport, and storage functions within the plant.
Permanent tissues categorized as simple (one cell type; e.g., ground and epidermal tissues) or complex (two or more cell types; e.g., xylem and phloem).

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Description

This quiz explores the concept of primary meristems, their derivatives, and their role in forming the three tissue systems of plants. It delves into the functions of apical meristems located at root tips and how they contribute to primary growth. Prepare to enhance your understanding of plant tissue development.