Plant Biology: Cell Hierarchy and Organ Systems

<p>Food and water storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tubers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moisture retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can perform all necessary life functions within a single cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohesion, adhesion, and tension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration occurs faster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugar transport through phloem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By growing toward light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell swells and may become turgid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Auxin is a hormone that regulates growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Root pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stems growing away from the gravitational force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Move water and dissolved minerals to leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting sucrose and dissolved sugars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas exchange through stomata (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Converts light energy into chemical energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis occurs only in daylight, while cellular respiration happens continuously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They swell, opening the stomata. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palisade mesophyll (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C6H12O6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaporation of water from leaf surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas exchange pathways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases due to lack of photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism made up of more than one cell, with specialized cells performing specific functions.

A single-celled living organism, often with complex inner workings.

The outermost layer of cells covering herbaceous (non-woody) plants, typically one cell thick, with a waxy outer layer for protection and moisture retention.

In the shoot (above ground), it controls gas exchange (O2, CO2) and secretes a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss and disease.

In the root (below ground), it primarily absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.

The primary tissue making up the bulk of the plant, located beneath the epidermis, with loosely packed cells allowing air diffusion.

A transport system within plants, consisting of xylem and phloem, facilitating the movement of materials throughout the plant.

Regions of intense growth in plants where cell division occurs rapidly, responsible for producing shoot and root tissues.

The attraction between molecules of the same substance.

The attraction between molecules of different substances.

The tension or pull on water molecules in the xylem due to evaporation of water through the stomata or lenticels in a plant.

The upward force in the transport tubes produced by water entering the root hairs.

The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.

A signal that can cause a reaction.

A plant's response to an external stimulus.

A response towards a stimulus.

A response away from a stimulus.

A plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells.

Xylem tissue is made up of non-living cells that transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves for photosynthesis.

Phloem tissue consists of living sieve tube cells and companion cells that transport sugars (like sucrose) from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions, allowing for complex organisms.

Root hairs are tiny projections on root cells that increase surface area for efficient absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.

Guard cells are specialized cells in the lower epidermis of leaves that form tiny pores called stomata for gas exchange and water regulation.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO₂(g)+ 6H₂O(l) + light → C₆H₁₂O₆(s) + 6O₂.(g)

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a high-energy molecule used by cells for various functions, produced from refining glucose molecules during cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose with oxygen to release energy (ATP), producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

The balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Photosynthesis occurs only during the day in plant cells, while cellular respiration happens in both plant and animal cells at all times.

Plants have lower respiration rates than animals, meaning they consume less oxygen and produce less carbon dioxide.

Lenticels are pores along wood, stems, and mature roots that, like stomata, facilitate gas exchange. They look like small blisters or slashes on woody surfaces.

Guard cells can swell to open stomata, allowing materials in and out of the leaf, and go limp to close stomata, preventing water loss.

Turgor pressure is the pressure exerted by water molecules against the cell wall, contributing to plant cell rigidity and structure.