16 Questions
How do plants respond to stimuli?
By growing towards the stimulus
Plants are heterotrophic.
False
What is the process by which plants grow towards the light?
Phototropism
The exchange of gases in the leaves during respiration takes place through ______________.
stomata
Match the following plant structures with their functions:
Stomata = Exchange of gases in the leaves Rhizoids = Anchoring the plant Roots = Absorbing mineral nutrients from the soil Stalks = Supporting the plant
How do seedless nonvascular plants absorb and distribute water and other substances?
Through their cell membranes and cell walls
Seedless nonvascular plants have flowers.
False
What is the term for the asexual form of reproduction in plants, where a single cell is surrounded by a thick cell wall for protection?
Spore
What is unique about the way seedless nonvascular plants move water and other substances?
They absorb and distribute directly through their cell membranes and cell walls
Plants are rooted in the ground and can move from one place to another.
False
What is the process called by which plants grow towards the light?
Phototropism
The process of producing new cells and tissues for growth in plants occurs through ______________.
Mitosis
Match the following plant parts with their functions:
Roots = Draw mineral nutrients from the soil Stomata = Exchange of gases in leaves during respiration Stems = Support and transport water and minerals Rhizoids = Anchor plants where they grow
What is the term for the waste product of photosynthesis released by plants?
Oxygen
Plants reproduce only sexually through pollination.
False
Seedless nonvascular plants absorb and distribute water and other substances directly through their _______________________ and cell walls.
cell membranes
Study Notes
Movement/Locomotion
- Plants are stationary and unable to move from one place to another due to their rooted nature.
Sensitivity
- Plants respond to stimuli like light and touch.
- Phototropism: a process by which plants grow towards light.
- Examples of phototropism:
- Stems curve to face the light.
- Roots grow towards water.
Excretion
- Plants release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis.
Nutrition
- Plants are autotrophic, meaning they produce their own food.
- Plants obtain mineral nutrients from the soil through their roots.
Respiration
- Leaves have tiny pores called stomata, which facilitate the exchange of gases during respiration.
- Oxygen from the air enters the leaf through stomata and reaches cells through diffusion.
Growth
- Plants grow by producing new cells and tissues.
- Growth occurs in the stem, leaves, flowers, and roots of plants.
- Mitosis: the process by which new cells are produced for growth.
Reproduction
- Plants can reproduce asexually through budding and vegetative propagation.
- Plants also reproduce sexually through pollination.
Seedless Nonvascular Plants
- Characteristics:
- Lack specialized tissues.
- Absorb and distribute water and substances through cell membranes and cell walls.
- Do not have flowers and reproduce by spores.
- Examples:
- Mosses: have green, leaflike growths arranged around a central stalk; produce spores in caps.
- Hornworts: have a flat, liver-like body; less than 2.5 in diameter; have one chloroplast per cell.
- Liverworts: have a flattened, leaflike body; rootless; have one-celled rhizoids.
Movement/Locomotion
- Plants are stationary and unable to move from one place to another due to their rooted nature.
Sensitivity
- Plants respond to stimuli like light and touch.
- Phototropism: a process by which plants grow towards light.
- Examples of phototropism:
- Stems curve to face the light.
- Roots grow towards water.
Excretion
- Plants release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis.
Nutrition
- Plants are autotrophic, meaning they produce their own food.
- Plants obtain mineral nutrients from the soil through their roots.
Respiration
- Leaves have tiny pores called stomata, which facilitate the exchange of gases during respiration.
- Oxygen from the air enters the leaf through stomata and reaches cells through diffusion.
Growth
- Plants grow by producing new cells and tissues.
- Growth occurs in the stem, leaves, flowers, and roots of plants.
- Mitosis: the process by which new cells are produced for growth.
Reproduction
- Plants can reproduce asexually through budding and vegetative propagation.
- Plants also reproduce sexually through pollination.
Seedless Nonvascular Plants
- Characteristics:
- Lack specialized tissues.
- Absorb and distribute water and substances through cell membranes and cell walls.
- Do not have flowers and reproduce by spores.
- Examples:
- Mosses: have green, leaflike growths arranged around a central stalk; produce spores in caps.
- Hornworts: have a flat, liver-like body; less than 2.5 in diameter; have one chloroplast per cell.
- Liverworts: have a flattened, leaflike body; rootless; have one-celled rhizoids.
Learn about the fundamental characteristics of plants, including movement, sensitivity, excretion, nutrition, and respiration. Understand how plants respond to their environment and carry out essential life processes.
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