Plant and Animal Cells Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are the building blocks for living things?

Tissues

Atoms

Molecules

Cells (correct)

What two kinds of cells are there?

Plant and animal cells

What structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Ribosomes

Chloroplasts (correct)

Nucleus

Cell membrane

How are plant cells different from animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall and can make their own food. Signup and view all the answers

How are animal and plant cells alike?

Both have a nucleus and organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outside layer of animal cells called?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a cell?

A membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cell wall?

A rigid structure made of cellulose that surrounds the cells of plants. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is cytoplasm?

The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a eukaryote?

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What are lysosomes?

Organelles containing digestive enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What is an organelle?

A specialized structure suspended in the cytoplasm of a cell. Signup and view all the answers

What shape are animal cells?

Round in shape. Signup and view all the answers

What shape are plant cells?

Square shaped Signup and view all the answers

What do centrioles do?

Produce spindle fibers during cell division. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes?

To produce proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What do chloroplasts capture from sunlight?

Energy to produce food for the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What does a vacuole do in plant cells?

Stores food, waste, and water. Signup and view all the answers

What forms a barrier in animal cells?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the non-living material surrounding plant cells called?

Cell wall Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is true about all prokaryotes?

They are unicellular. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a eukaryotic cell?

It has specialized compartments. Signup and view all the answers

What organisms are classified as eukaryotes?

Protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have?

Ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What genetic material do eukaryotes contain?

DNA in a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

They have membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells include archaea and eubacteria?

Prokaryotic cells. Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotes have a nucleus.

True Signup and view all the answers

What DNA structure do prokaryotic cells have?

A single circular strand of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotic cells are the simplest of the two cell types.

True Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells includes bacteria?

Prokaryotic cells. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells concerning DNA?

They have many straight strands of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Basics

Cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms.
They contain a nucleus and various organelles.
Two main types of cells: plant cells and animal cells.

Plant Cells

Characterized by a rigid cell wall which helps maintain structure.
Contain chloroplasts, enabling photosynthesis for food production.
Generally have a square shape and one large vacuole for storage.

Animal Cells

Surrounded by a flexible cell membrane, lacking a cell wall.
Capable of movement due to their structure.
Typically round in shape and contain smaller vacuoles compared to plant cells.

Similarities Between Plant and Animal Cells

Both types of cells contain a nucleus and organelles, facilitating vital cellular functions.

Cell Structures

Cell Membrane: Outer layer of animal cells that regulates entry and exit of substances.
Cell Wall: A sturdy layer found in plant cells, primarily composed of cellulose, providing support and shape.
Chloroplasts: Organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll.
Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance between the cell membrane and nucleus where chemical reactions occur.
Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste.
Vacuoles: Storage sacs for food, waste, and water; larger in plant cells than in animal cells.

Cell Types

Eukaryote: Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Prokaryote: Simple cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; predominantly unicellular and include bacteria and archaea.

Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are simpler, lack a nucleus, and have no membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells are more complex, with a defined nucleus and various organelles allowing specialized functions.
Both cell types contain ribosomes and genetic material (DNA).

Genetic Material

Prokaryotes possess a single circular strand of DNA.
Eukaryotes have multiple straight strands of DNA contained within the nucleus.

Additional Notes

Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.
Prokaryotic organisms are the simplest cellular forms, primarily unicellular bacteria.
Membrane-bound organelles are characteristic of eukaryotic cells, enabling compartmentalization of cellular processes.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental differences and characteristics of plant and animal cells, including their structures and functions. It highlights the role of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in the biological world. Test your understanding of cell biology concepts with these flashcards!