Plant and Animal Adaptations Quiz

The process where plants release excess water as liquid droplets from special pores called hydathodes, usually occurring at night when water pressure is high and temperatures are low.

Plants that live entirely or partially submerged in freshwater, adapting to remove excess water.

Hydrophytes often have poorly developed roots or lack them altogether.

Hydrophytes may have broad leaves if only partially submerged, with stomata on the upper epidermis.

Plants growing in salty environments, adapting to prevent water loss and manage salt levels.

Halophytes develop salt glands to store excess salt taken up by the plant.

Plants adapted to live in moderate water conditions, developing typical features for water management.

Plants adapted to survive in arid environments with low water availability, evolving special characteristics for water conservation.

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment, especially of water and solutes, despite external changes.

The process of regulating water and salt balance in the body.

Water with a very low concentration of salt.

Water with a high concentration of salt.

Having a higher concentration of solutes than the surrounding environment.

Having a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding environment.

Having the same concentration of solutes as the surrounding environment.

The removal of nitrogenous waste products from the body.

The tube carrying urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

The protective membrane covering the kidney, reducing friction.

The fluid between the peritoneum and kidney, minimizing friction.

The outermost layer of the skin, responsible for protection against external factors, including UV radiation. It contains pigment cells called melanocytes, which produce melanin for skin color.

The outer layer of the kidney containing filtering structures.

The middle layer of the skin containing blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It provides structural support and facilitates temperature regulation.

The inner layer of the kidney containing collecting structures.

The innermost layer of the skin, composed mainly of fat tissue. It acts as insulation, stores energy, and cushions internal organs.

The funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine.

The process of narrowing blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the skin surface, which helps conserve heat in cold conditions.

The blood vessel carrying blood into the kidney.

The blood vessel carrying blood away from the kidney.

The process of widening blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the skin surface, which helps release heat in hot conditions.

Sweat glands release sweat onto the skin surface. As the sweat evaporates, it absorbs heat from the body, providing a cooling effect.

Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles. When they contract, hairs stand upright, creating a layer of insulation that traps warmth. This is less effective in humans compared to other mammals.

During aerobic respiration, cells produce carbon dioxide (CO2) as waste. Blood carries CO2 from the tissues to the lungs where it is exhaled, helping to maintain a stable CO2 level in the bloodstream.

The process by which the body regulates the pH of blood by controlling carbon dioxide levels. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in red blood cells. An increase in carbon dioxide leads to an increase in H+ and a decrease in pH, triggering an increase in breathing rate to expel more carbon dioxide, thus restoring blood pH.

Specialized cells located in the carotid and aortic bodies that detect changes in blood pH (hydrogen ion concentration) and send signals to the brain to adjust breathing rate.

The primary organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood volume and composition, and producing hormones.

The functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. It consists of a glomerulus, a network of capillaries, and a renal tubule.

The process by which the kidneys remove waste products and excess water from the blood by forcing them through tiny filters in the nephrons.

The process by which the kidneys reabsorb essential nutrients, water, and electrolytes back into the bloodstream after filtration.

A muscular sac that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body.

Solid masses formed in the kidneys from crystals of calcium oxalate or calcium carbonate, sometimes containing uric acid and cysteine.

A medical procedure that uses ultrasonic waves to break down kidney stones into smaller fragments that can be passed out in urine.

Surgical removal of kidney stones when they are too large to be broken down by Lithotripsy.

A condition where the nephrons in the kidneys stop functioning properly, leading to an imbalance of solutes in the blood.

A process that cleanses the blood of waste products and toxins in patients with kidney failure.

A medical procedure where a healthy individual donates one of their kidneys to a patient with kidney failure.

The process of regulating water and salt balance in the body.

The removal of metabolic waste products from the body; often performed by the kidneys.